combines different businesses involved in all phases of a product’s development
consolidates many firms involved in the same business into on giant company
i don't know if this is meant to say backwards horizontal integration but i know what backwards vertical integration is whether its the same thing or not. Backwards vertical integration is where one business further forward in the chain of production buys another firm further back in the chain ie Tertiary takes over primary eg retailer takes over supplier.
Horizontal integration is the merging or takeover of a company that is in the same market and at the same stage of the supply chain.
horizontal integration
Trust
consolidates many firms involved in the same business into on giant company
consolidates many firms involved in the same business into on giant company
vertical
Vertical Integration is owning a section of a business and horizontal integration is owning all businesses in a certain field.
A vertical mill is the same as an vertical integration mill. It is built vertical, not horizontal.
cartels, monopolies, trust, and horizontal and vertical integration all share the goal of
cartels, monopolies, trust, and horizontal and vertical integration all share the goal of
cartels, monopolies, trust, and horizontal and vertical integration all share the goal of
cartels, monopolies, trust, and horizontal and vertical integration all share the goal of
cartels, monopolies, trust, and horizontal and vertical integration all share the goal of
Vertical integration and horizontal integration :D
horizontal integration is partnering with other firms in the same or similar industries. vertical integration is partnering with companies that provide some service in the supply chain, ex. suppliers or vendors, of your industry.