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What is hammering in pipeline?

Hammering in a pipeline refers to the phenomenon where sudden changes in fluid flow, often due to rapid valve closure or pump failure, create pressure surges or shock waves. This pressure surge, known as water hammer, can cause significant damage to the pipeline system, including pipe bursts, joint failures, and equipment wear. To mitigate this risk, engineers may implement surge protection devices, such as air chambers or surge tanks, and design systems to control flow changes more gradually. Proper system design and maintenance are crucial to prevent hammering effects.


How is a Trans Canada Pipeline inspected?

Trans Canada Pipeline inspections are conducted using a combination of methods, including aerial surveillance, ground patrols, and advanced technology such as smart pigs—devices that travel through the pipeline to detect anomalies. Regular visual inspections help identify any surface issues, while smart pigs utilize sensors to measure wall thickness and identify leaks or corrosion. Additionally, ongoing monitoring systems track pressure and flow to ensure operational safety. These measures are part of a comprehensive integrity management program to maintain pipeline safety and reliability.


What is the purpose of instruction pipelining?

An instruction pipeline is a technique used in the design of computers and other digital electronic devices to increase their instruction throughput (the number of instructions that can be executed in a unit of time).


What instrument is used to measure velocity of water in a pipeline?

The instrument commonly used to measure the velocity of water in a pipeline is called a flow meter. There are several types of flow meters, including electromagnetic, ultrasonic, and mechanical flow meters, each utilizing different principles to measure flow rate. These devices provide crucial data for monitoring and managing water systems in various applications.


How is President Barack Obama helping the environment?

He pushes for money for alternative energy sources and devices that use alternative energy. He continues to fight the proposed oil and gas pipeline out of Canada. He extracted a huge fine from British Petroleum for their oil spill.


List some peripheral devices that require regular maintenance?

Some examples of peripheral devices that require regular maintenance are scanners, printers, speakers, and disk drives.


Where can one find information on IT maintenance?

One can find helpful information about IT maintenance from IBM's official website. There one will find information on IT maintenance for different network devices.


What job fixes electronic devices?

Electronic technician, electronic maintenance, small appliance repair, computer repair or maintenance technician and so forth.


Why do oil and natural gas companies check and clean the inside of their pipelines?

The crude oil that is produced from the reservoir will be produced up the production tubing, through a valve at the wellhead, and then flows through a pipeline to separation facilities and ultimately to a storage tank. Corrosion and deposition of solids can occur along this route and when these problems put at risk flow through the pipeline, the consequences can be very serious. There are also very long pipelines used to transport oil from oil fields to refineries. These also must be kept inspected and clean. Corrosion is very serious problem and lead BP to replace major pipelines in Alaska. See related links. Solids that can deposit on metal surfaces, include asphaltenes, waxes and scale. Scale buildup is likely for a well producing water, in addition to oil and gas. Common scale minerals include calcite, barite and gypsum. A pig is run through a pipeline to clean the line, and also can have sensing devices to check on the condition of the line. See related links. I note also, that more information can be found in the Petroleum Engineering Handbook, Volume 4, Production Operation Engineering, by Clegg from the Society of Petroleum Engineering. (see related link)


What is pendant stations?

Pendant stations are devices that can be held in hand and allows you to control machine setups, maintenance and troubleshooting problems. These devices are light weight and durable.


What the maintenance is required on ICU equipment?

Staff in the ICU should perform daily checks on equipment and inform biomedical engineering staff when equipment needs maintenance, repair, or replacement. For mechanically complex devices, service and preventive maintenance.


How do you measure flow of natural gas?

The flow of natural gas is typically measured in cubic feet per hour (CFH) or cubic meters per hour (CMH) using flow meters or gas measurement instruments such as orifice plates, ultrasonic meters, or turbine meters. These devices measure the volume of gas passing through a specific point in a pipeline.