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What is the composition of naphtha?
Mostly a mixture of hydrocarbon from 8 to 20 carbon atoms. The principal 8 carbon atoms hydrocarbon being the octane, main componant of the car gas. But the exact composition of naphta can vary and depend of the origin of the crude oil from witch it has been distilated.
What is the calorific value of sludge in waste water?
Basically, calorific value of any sludge depends on its constitution. Since sludge is not defined composition wise, its accurate calorific value doesn't exist. And another important factor which affects the calorific value is the end product that's generated out of sludge. eg if biogas is generated, then calorific value would be 22,000 kJ/Nm3 (http://www.currenta.com/pages/1577/life_2008_final_engl.pdf) topic open for discussion!!
How do engineered materials differ from natural materials?
Engineered materials can differ from natural materials in many ways. Engineered ones are made for specific purposes, some to have more tensile strenght like steel and kevlar, others to be more ductil like the elastomers, others to resist to higher temperatures like the ceramics on the space shuttle, others to conduct electricity like silicon based transistors, and so on. They also differ on composition. Engineered materials can be a mix of natural materials (and by this i mean that occur in the nature without human intervention) and man-made, or only man-made materials.
What is the mixing ratio in asphalt concrete?
Aggregate is the granular material used in asphalt concrete mixtures which make up 90-95 percent of the mixture weight and provides most of the load bearing characteristics of the mix. Therefore, the quality and physical properties of the aggregates are critical to the pavement performance. The following is recommended:(1) Aggregates should be nonplastic. The presence of clay fines in an asphalt mix can result in problems with volume swell and adhesion of asphalt to the rock contributing to stripping problems. The minus #4 sieve material should have a minimum sand equivalent value of 45 using the test method described in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) specification (AASHTO T-176).(2) A limit should be placed on the amounts of deleterious materials permitted in the aggregates. Specifications should limit clay lumps and friable particles to a maximum of one percent.(3) Durability or weathering resistance should be determined by sulfate soundness testing. Specifications should require a sodium or magnesium sulfate test using the limits described in the AASHTO specification M-29.(4) Aggregate resistance to abrasion should be determined. Specifications should require a Los Angeles abrasion loss of 45 percent or less (AASHTO T-96).(5) Friction between aggregate particles is dependent on aggregate surface roughness and area of contact. As surface friction increases, so does resistance of the mix to deformation. Specifications should require at least 60 percent of the plus #4 sieve material to have at least two mechanically induced fractured faces.(6) The quality of natural sand varies considerably from one location to another. Since most natural sands are rounded and often contain a high percentage of undesirable materials, the amount of natural sand as a general rule should be limited to 15 to 20 percent for high volume pavements and 20 to 25 percent for medium and low volume pavements. These percentages may increase or decrease depending on quality of the natural sand and the types of traffic to which the pavement will be subjected.(7) For adequate control, aggregate gradations should be specified from the maximum particle size to the #200 sieve so each successive sieve opening is about 1/2 the previous sieve opening (for example, 1 inch, 1/2 inch, #4, #8, #16, #30, #50, #100, #200). The only accurate method to determine the amount of minus #200 sieve material is to perform a wash gradation in accordance with AASHTO T-27 and AASHTO T-11.(8) The ratio of dust (minus #200 sieve material) to asphalt cement, by mass, is critical. Asphalt concrete mixes should require a maximum dust asphalt ratio of 1.2 and a minimum of 0.6.(9) A tool which is very useful in evaluating aggregate gradations is the 0.45 power gradation chart. All mixes should be plotted on these charts as part of the mix design process (Attachment 1).(10) An aggregate's specific gravity and absorption characteristics are extremely important in proportioning and controlling the mixture. It is recommended that AASHTO T-209 be used to determine the maximum specific gravity of asphalt concrete mixes. States not using AASHTO T-209 should be aware of the difficulty of determining the theoretical maximum density using individual ingredient specific gravities and their percentages in the mixture. These difficulties will result in inaccuracies in determining the specific gravity of the mixture. These inaccuracies will carry through to the calculation of the densities in the compacted mat and may result in improperly compacted pavements. It is also necessary to determine the bulk dry specific gravity of the aggregate in order to determine the voids in the mineral aggregate (VMA).The target value for VMA should be obtained through the proper distribution of aggregate gradation to provide adequate asphalt film thickness on each particle and accommodate the design air void system. In addition, tolerance used in construction quality control should be such that the mix designed is actually produced in the field.
What type of basic drawing conventions are used and why there is need to be different types of drawings?
Oh, dude, basic drawing conventions are like those unwritten rules artists follow to communicate their ideas effectively, you know? They include stuff like perspective, shading, and composition. And, like, different types of drawings exist because, well, not every drawing is the same, right? Sometimes you need a quick sketch to jot down an idea, other times you need a detailed technical drawing for, like, building a rocket ship or something. It's all about communicating the right info in the right way, man.
What is the mineral composition of mudstone?
Mudstone is composed primarily of clay minerals (such as illite and kaolinite), quartz, feldspar, and various other minerals like calcite and dolomite. The exact composition can vary depending on the specific source and depositional environment.
Which is the lightest- mseal terrocotta or polymer clay?
Polymer clay is lighter than terracotta clay. Terracotta clay is a natural clay that is heavier due to its composition, while polymer clay is a man-made material that is much lighter in weight.
Is mixing water with clay a chemical change?
Mixing water with clay is not a chemical change, as no new substances are formed. It is a physical change, where the clay particles are dispersed in the water but retain their original chemical composition.
What has the author Luella Clay Carson written?
Luella Clay Carson has written: 'Handbook of English Composition: A Compilation of Standard Rules and Usage'
What is the scientific name of oil based clay?
The scientific name for oil-based clay is "Montmorillonite clay," which is a type of bentonite clay that is commonly used in various industrial and cosmetic applications due to its unique properties and composition.
What color is clayey soil?
It depends on the chemical composition of the clay. Clay soils can be any shade of yellow to brown to red depending on the dominant minerals.
Does Brick have a definite chemical composition?
Brick is typically made from clay that is fired at high temperatures. The exact chemical composition varies based on the specific type of clay and additives used in production, but common elements found in bricks include silicon, aluminum, and oxygen.
What is the bulk density of clay?
The bulk density of clay typically ranges from 1.2 to 1.8 g/cm3, depending on factors such as moisture content and mineral composition.
What do you call limy clay?
The limy clay refers to the soil that contains a lot of stones.
How was Chinese porcelain invented?
white clay or Kaolin (which is a clay mineral with the chemical composition Al2Si2O5(OH)4). Other materials mixed with China clay to make porcelain clay have included feldspar, ball-clay, glass, bone ash, steatite, quartz, petuntse and alabaster.
What was the composition of the feet in Nebuchadnezzar's dream?
They were part iron, part clay. Daniel 2:33.
How are slate and shale alike?
Dark Colour, Clay mineral composition (Kaolanite), Laminations of minerals
