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The artificial reef is "substrate" (surface material of reef). Once the reef is placed on the bottom, marine life in form of algae, barnacles, some types of coral and other small marine animals begin to attach themselves to the reef. Small fish, crabs and other crustaceans arrive after that to eat the growth on the reef. Larger fish show up to eat the smaller fish and crabs, etc. Each animal uses the reef for food and protection (habitat). Depending on the PH of reef material this process takes place over a few months or years.

The best type of reef is as large and tall as possible and made of a natural material PH balanced to allow all the available marine life to live and grow on the reef.

Artificial reefs produce fish at twice the rate as a natural reef does (Dr. Bob Ship, University of South Alabama).

Artificial reefs can enhance the fishery in areas of sand with no natural substrate. Artificial reefs can take the pressure off natural reefs due to fishing and tourism.

Artificial reefs come the form of ships, concrete rubble and manufactured units. See the link in the Related Links for more information.

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