The interest parity equilibrium holds when we make a loss.
forward/discount rate premium
Purchase power parity theory Interest rate parity theory International Fishers effect
In freely traded (not restricted) currency pairs, Covered Interest Parity absolutely drives the forward price. This is through arbitrage In restricted currencies it may or may not drive the forward price as it is not readily arbitragable.
Exchange rate is the rate at which one country's currency is changed for another country's currency. For example the rate at which one dollar can be changed for pound sterling or any other currency.
Covered interest parity (CIP) involves using forward contracts to hedge against exchange rate risk, ensuring that the return on investments in different currencies is equal after accounting for exchange rates. In contrast, uncovered interest parity (UIP) does not involve hedging; it posits that expected future exchange rates will adjust to offset interest rate differentials, meaning that investors take on currency risk. Essentially, CIP guarantees no arbitrage opportunities through forward contracts, while UIP relies on expectations of future currency movements without any hedging mechanism.
The uncovered interest parity (UIP) condition is a financial theory that states that the expected change in the exchange rate between two currencies is equal to the difference in interest rates between their respective countries. According to UIP, if one country offers a higher interest rate than another, its currency is expected to depreciate in the future to offset the higher returns. This principle assumes that capital flows freely between countries without barriers, leading to equalized returns on investments across borders when exchange rate expectations are taken into account. If UIP holds, there should be no arbitrage opportunities available for investors.
Interest rate parity between two countries taking into account the expected currency exchange und the, from the national bank determinated, current currency exchange.
exchange rate
Uncovered interest parity (UIP) is a financial theory stating that the expected return on a foreign investment should equal the return on a domestic investment, once adjusted for exchange rate fluctuations. In other words, the difference in interest rates between two countries should be offset by the expected change in their exchange rates. If UIP holds, investors should be indifferent between holding domestic or foreign assets, as any potential gains from higher interest rates would be neutralized by currency depreciation. However, in practice, UIP may not always hold due to factors like risk premiums and market imperfections.
because it has been tested by several researchers and they found that it does not hold
government policy intrest rate parity balance of payment changes
Monetary aggregate is a goal of money supply. Interest rate is a goal of a constant rate. To hold a specific money supply the interest rate would fluctuate. To hold a specific interest rate the money supply would fluctuate. So they can not work together.Check this out and read 11.2 through 11.4http://www.pitt.edu/~jduffy/econ280/lec1213.pdf