Sparganosis is a rare parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of certain tapeworms, primarily Spirometra species. Humans can become accidental hosts by ingesting contaminated water or food, or through direct contact with the larvae. The infection can lead to various symptoms depending on the location of the larvae, including skin lesions, gastrointestinal issues, or neurological symptoms if they migrate to the central nervous system. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the larvae and antiparasitic medications.