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What is monotropy?
Monotropy is a term used in attachment theory to describe the notion that infants form a singular primary attachment to one caregiver, usually the mother. This theory suggests that this primary attachment is more crucial and influential than any other caregiver-child relationships formed.
What are the main ideas of attachment theory?
Attachment theory suggests that a strong emotional bond with a primary caregiver in early childhood lays the foundation for navigating future relationships. It emphasizes the importance of secure attachments for emotional development, social skills, and coping mechanisms. The theory also highlights how early attachment experiences can influence behavior and emotional regulation throughout life.
What is the theory of attachment by John Bowlby?
John Bowlby's attachment theory suggests that infants have an innate drive to form strong emotional bonds with their primary caregiver, providing a sense of security and safety. These early attachments influence future relationships and social development, shaping the individual's ability to form healthy relationships later in life. Bowlby emphasized the importance of caregiver responsiveness and sensitivity in fostering secure attachments.
Who stressed that human infants attachment to a caregiver over the first year of life has consequences throughout a lifetime?
John Bowlby, a British psychologist and psychiatrist, was a key figure in attachment theory. He emphasized the importance of a child's attachment to a caregiver in the early years of life and how it can influence their emotional development and relationships throughout their lifetime.
What is bowlby's attachment theory?
John Bowlby posited that attachment is the result of evolutionary pressure placed on primate infants to increase their survival rate. Attachment theory prompts the infant to seek proximity with a familiar caregiver when they feel threatened or in danger.
What is secure attachment?
Secure attachment in an infant implies that the infant trusts her mother or caregiver is truly attached to them. A good example was shown through " The Strange Situation" theory. In this study they tested that a baby will show signs of distress if separated from their primary care giver (usually the mother) and will show signs of joy and seek comfort in the cargiver when they are reunited. This shows that they are attached securely and the baby uses the caregiver as a safe base. Approximately 60-65% of American babies has been shown to have secure attachemnt relationships.
Which psychologist reported that infant attachment to another goes beyond the satisfaction of the need for nourishment?
John Bowlby, a British psychologist, emphasized the importance of attachment beyond just physical needs in his theory of attachment. He believed that a secure attachment is crucial for healthy emotional and social development in infants, forming a strong bond with a caregiver that goes beyond basic nourishment.
What Bowlby's theory?
Attachment theory From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaFor infants and toddlers, the "set-goal" of the attachment behavioural system is to maintain or achieve proximity to attachment figures, usually the parents.Attachment theory describes the dynamics of long-term relationships between humans. Its most important tenet is that an infant needs to develop a relationship with at least one primary caregiver for social and emotional development to occur normally. Attachment theory explains how much the parents' relationship with the child influences development. Attachment theory is an interdisciplinary study encompassing the fields of psychological, evolutionary, and ethological theory. Immediately after World War II, homeless and orphaned children presented many difficulties,[1] and psychiatrist and psychoanalyst John Bowlby was asked by the UN to write a pamphlet on the issue which he entitled maternal deprivation. Attachment theory grew out of his subsequent work on the issues raised.Infants become attached to individuals who are sensitive and responsive in social interactions with them, and who remain as consistent caregivers for some months during the period from about six months to two years of age; this is known as sensitive responsiveness. When the infant begins to crawl and walk they begin to use attachment figures (familiar people) as a secure base to explore from and return to. Caregivers' responses lead to the development of patterns of attachment; these, in turn, lead to internal working models which will guide the individual's perceptions, emotions, thoughts and expectations in later relationships.[2] Separation anxiety or grief following the loss of an attachment figure is considered to be a normal and adaptive response for an attached infant. These behaviours may have evolved because they increase the probability of survival of the child.[3]Research by developmental psychologist Mary Ainsworth in the 1960s and 70s reinforced the basic concepts, introduced the concept of the "secure base" and developed a theory of a number of attachment patterns in infants: secure attachment, avoidant attachment and anxious attachment.[4] A fourth pattern, disorganized attachment, was identified later.In the 1980s, the theory was extended to attachment in adults.[5] Other interactions may be construed as including components of attachment behaviour; these include peer relationships at all ages, romantic and sexual attraction, and responses to the care needs of infants or the sick and elderly. It is believed that those who don't experience secure attachment may develop a sensitivity to rejection in later relationships.[6]In the early days of the theory, academic psychologists criticized Bowlby, and the psychoanalytic community ostracised him for his departure from psychoanalytical tenets;[7] however, attachment theory has since become "the dominant approach to understanding early social development, and has given rise to a great surge of empirical researchinto the formation of children's close relationships".[8] Later criticisms of attachment theory relate to temperament, the complexity of social relationships, and the limitations of discrete patterns for classifications. Attachment theory has been significantly modified as a result of empirical research, but the concepts have become generally accepted.[7] Attachment theory has formed the basis of new therapies and informed existing ones, and its concepts have been used in the formulation of social and childcare policies to support the early attachment relationships of children.[9]
What is it when sometimes at 2 years old a child will develop a natural tendency to want to stay with familiar people and not strangers?
The tendency for a child to want to stay with familiar people is called Attachment Theory. This attachment is a behavioral system that causes infants or young children to seek the closeness of a familiar caregiver who they know will give them emotional support and protection.
Which is most convincing evoluationary or learning theory of attachment?
The evolutionary theory of attachment suggests that attachment behaviors have evolved as a survival mechanism to ensure infants receive care and protection. This theory is supported by cross-cultural studies and studies on non-human animals. On the other hand, the learning theory of attachment focuses on how attachments are formed through reinforcement and conditioning processes. While both theories provide valuable insights into attachment, the evolutionary theory is often considered more convincing due to its emphasis on biological and evolutionary reasons for attachment.
What are some criticisms of Bowlby's theory of attachment?
Here are some criticisms of Bowlby's theory of attachment.-Bowlby believed in monotropy but his critics say that children can develop multiple attachments. There is a lot of evidence particularly in this day and age that children can have a number of attachment figures. As well as attaching to mothers, children can bond with fathers, grandparents and paid carries e.g. nannies, babysitters or childminder's.-Bowlby believed that there was a critical period for forming attachments but his critics say it's too extreme. More recent research suggests that their maybe a sensitive period for attachment for attachment rather than a critical period. This means that the first 3 years may be the test time to form an attachment but it's not the only time, In other words, there is evidence that children can form healthy attachments with others after age of 3 e.g. with adoptive parents.Bowlby Believed that the effects of deprivation were irreversible but his critics say that they can be reversed. For example, their is a famous case of two Czech twins who spent early years of their live locked in a cellars after their mother had died. They were cruelly treated by their father and stepmother to the point of suffering deprivation. However when they were taken into care. they gradually got over the abuse and neglect. They formed strong bonds with the family that fostered them and both twins went onto have successful marriages.-In Bowlby's theory it states that attachment is a primary instinctive, whereas others believed that attachment is learnt behaviour. In other words, babies don't form natural bonds with a primary caregiver but instead, learnt to bond with them. This is explained by the behaviourist theory of attachment.
What is primary culture conflict theory and what is secondary culture conflict theory?
Primary culture conflict theory emphasizes conflicts between different cultures, often due to differing values, beliefs, and practices. Secondary culture conflict theory focuses on conflicts within a single culture that arise due to internal divisions, such as generational, socioeconomic, or ideological differences.
