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There are several different places that a buffer cache can exist. All have the one thing in common - they are places where data being read from or written to a device is temporarily stored in some medium that is faster than the backing device.

In the case of read caches, a buffer cache can store frequently requested data on a medium that is considerably faster than the underlying device, which speeds up the return of that data to the requesting program. It can also be used to assemble data received out of order (such as from a network interface) into a more presentable form, or can be used to assemble asynchronous data into fixed-size chunks for processing.

In the case of write buffer caches, they are used to smooth out small I/O writes into larger streaming writes (which provides better write performance). They can also be used to assemble smaller bits of information into a larger packet for transmission out a network interface.

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