Yes, of course. Did you not notice that each line of the poem has ten syllables? That argues that there is some sort of rhythm at work. Read the lines out loud. "Rough WINDS do SHAKE the DAR-ling BUDS of MAY." Hey, look at that! Every second syllable is a little stronger than the one before it. It sort of goes "ta-DUM ta-DUM ta-DUM ta-DUM ta-DUM" There are five ta-DUMs in every line. Between you and me, we could call this "five ta-DUM metre", but teachers and people like that prefer to use the Greek phrase "iambic pentameter" which is just Greek for "five ta-DUM metre".
Iambic pentameter.
sonnet 18
Iambic pentameter.
i
sonnet
Iambic pentameter.
sonnet 18
Iambic pentameter.
i
Probably either Sonnet 18 ("Shall I compare thee to as summer's day") or Sonnet 116 ("Let me not to the marriage of true minds admit impediments")
sonnet
It makes fun of the blazon and exaggerated comparisons of beauty.
Sonnet 18 and sonnet 116
Yes, the correct rhyme scheme for this stanza in Shakespeare's Sonnet 18 is ABAB CDCD EFEF. The stanza you provided does not follow this pattern.
Shakespeare's sonnet 130 is a Shakespearean sonnet in terms of rhyme scheme. Its meter is iambic pentameter, and its tone is satirical.
iambic pentameter
A sonnet with 10 syllables in each line is typically referred to as a decasyllabic sonnet. It is a specific form of the sonnet that follows a strict meter and rhyme scheme.