the kernel contains external commands true or false
It reads commands from the user or from a file of commands and executes them, usually by turning them into one or more system calls. It is usually not part of the kernel since the command interpreter is subject to changes.
It reads commands from the user or from a file of commands and executes them, usually by turning them into one or more system calls. It is usually not part of the kernel since the command interpreter is subject to changes.
Simplicity. The micro-kernel approach to system design keeps the kernel as small and simple as possible. This means that it is easier to maintain, and will likely contain fewer flaws. However, functionality not implemented inside that kernel (like device drivers) will need to be provided in another way, usually by other programs.
The modular kernel approach requires subsystems to interact with each other through carefully constructed interfaces that are typically narrow (in terms of the functionality that is exposed to external modules). The layered kernel approach is similar in that respect. However, the layered kernel imposes a strict ordering of subsystems such that subsystems at the lower layers are not allowed to invoke operations corresponding to the upper layer subsystems. There are no such restrictions in the modular kernel approach, wherein modules are free to invoke each other without any constraints.
A command interpreter is an interface of the operating system with the user. The user gives commands with are executed by operating system (usually by turning them into system calls). The main function of a command interpreter is to get and execute the next user specified command. Command-Interpreter is usually not part of the kernel, since multiple command interpreters (shell, in UNIX terminology) may be support by an operating system, and they do not really need to run in kernel mode. There are two main advantages to separating the command interpreter from the kernel. 1. If we want to change the way the command interpreter looks, i.e., I want to change the interface of command interpreter, I am able to do that if the command interpreter is separate from the kernel. I cannot change the code of the kernel so I cannot modify the interface. 2. If the command interpreter is a part of the kernel it is possible for a malicious process to gain access to certain part of the kernel that it showed not have to avoid this ugly scenario it is advantageous to have the command interpreter separate from kernel
Internal and external refer to the command's location in relation to the kernel. An internal command is one built into MS-DOS's kernel. Such commands include CD, DEL, and MOVE. These commands cannot be removed from the system, as they are built-in to MS-DOS. In contrast, external commands are programs bundled with MS-DOS, but are not specifically built into the kernel. Such commands can include EDIT, COPY, and QBASIC. These commands previously resided in C:\DOS (where C is the drive letter), but in most versions of Windows, they will be found in C:|Windows\System32\Command (a user should check their system for specifics).
FORMAT , FDISK and SCANDISK are the external commands == == FORMAT , FDISK and SCANDISK are the external commands == ==
FORMAT , FDISK and SCANDISK are the external commands == == FORMAT , FDISK and SCANDISK are the external commands == ==
A kernel is the core program that runs programs and manages hardware devices, such as disks and printers. It executes the commands which provide by environment.
make menuconfig
It reads commands from the user or from a file of commands and executes them, usually by turning them into one or more system calls. It is usually not part of the kernel since the command interpreter is subject to changes.
External Commands
it contain commands.
Internal commands are the commands that are executed <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> directly by the shell. These commands will not have a separate process running for each. External commands are the commands that are executed by the kernal. These commands will have a process id running for it. Internal commands are stored in the cmd.exe command interpreter, ex. Dir External commands correspond to a .com or .cmd file, ex.
Internal commands are commands that are already loaded in the system, It can be executed at any time and are independent. external commands are loaded when the user requests them. Internal commands don't require a separate process to execute them.
The kernel and the shell are two different parts of the OS or operating system. The shell interprets the commands from input. The kernel houses the heart of the OS like the command files and execute applications.
they are full benifits