Early computing was performed on a single processor.
Makes use of a single cpu to execute one or more programs for each application
Ex: A uni-processor
explain the different components of operating system in details
the space marhines
The loading of modules dynamically in monolithic kernel is done at the binary level as opposed to the architectural level. Dynamically loading modules is a more flexible way of handling the operating system image at runtime - as opposed to rebooting with a different operating system image.
There are basically four types of operating systems. They include Batch Operating System, Multiprogramming Operating System, Network Operating System and Distributed Operating System.
An operating system which is run on server but is assessed/interacted with by a terminal.
Micro-Kernel: A micro-kernel is a minimal operating system that performs only the essential functions of an operating system. All other operating system functions are performed by system processes. Monolithic: A monolithic operating system is one where all operating system code is in a single executable image and all operating system code runs in system mode
explain the different components of operating system in details
Monolithic Kernel is also known as "Macro Kernel" A monolithic kernel (Macro Kernel) is an operating system architecture where the entire operating system is working in the kernel space and alone as supervisor mode. The monolithic differs from other operating system architectures (such as the microkernel architecture) in that it defines alone a high-level virtual interface over computer hardware, with a set of primitives or system calls to implement all operating system services such as process management, concurrency, and memory management itself and one or more device drivers as modules.
the space marhines
The loading of modules dynamically in monolithic kernel is done at the binary level as opposed to the architectural level. Dynamically loading modules is a more flexible way of handling the operating system image at runtime - as opposed to rebooting with a different operating system image.
1. What are the two kinds of installation of an operating system? Explain Briefly.
The operating system has different layers. The different layers includes the shell, the utilities, the compilers, device drivers and the applications.
Operating systems are designed with a series of layers. The three main layers are the user level, the system level including administration, and the kernel level that includes hardware.
There are basically four types of operating systems. They include Batch Operating System, Multiprogramming Operating System, Network Operating System and Distributed Operating System.
An operating system which is run on server but is assessed/interacted with by a terminal.
The kernel is the heart of an operating system. The kernel internally contains many components, such as a memory manager, scheduler, numerous device drivers, a file system, and so on. When an operating system is being written, there are numerous design philosophies which the designers can adopt. At one extreme is the monolithic kernel, in which all of the components mentioned above, and many others, are all lumped into a single operating system file. At the other extreme is the microkernel, where only the bare minimum is put into the kernel file, and every thing else is put into separate programs, which the microkernel loads and runs at boot time. In practice, the design of most operating systems lies somewhere in between those two extremes, although they generally tend to be closer to a monolithic kernel than a microkernel. But, like everything else in life, the microkernel has its true believers. Other Answer: In monolithic operating system all services are provided in the operating system kernel itself. In my own understanding, monolithic operating system is one big program. Being 'one big program' all the services are associated with one another. This is prone to system crashes, because, if one particular function fails, the entire system will be brought to halt. In regards to resource management, it is difficult for the programmer to debug or implement the system. The only advantages of being monolithic are it deals with resource management rapidly. An example of a monolithic operating system will be the UNIX and MS-DOS. In microkernel operating system, processes are divided and stored in a different server. This key concept of the microkernel operating system is to keep the OS kernel small with basic and minimum process. Other services are stored in a different server. They communicate, via a communication channel
name and explain five categories of opareting system