He forges an order from Claudius to the English authorities telling them to execute R & G, even sealing it with a seal similar to Claudius's own.
Hamlet fakes death warrants for Ros and Guil which are acted on by the King of England. Hamlet justifies this by saying that they were spies and got what they deserved, especially as this was the death which Claudius had planned for Hamlet with Ros and Guil's help. "They did make love to this employment" says Hamlet. Horatio is not wholly convinced, especially since R and G probably had no idea what their warrant said (it was sealed, remember). "So Rosencrantz and Guildenstern go to it" says Horatio, a bit disgusted by Hamlet's callousness.
His first plan is to send Hamlet off to England along with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. R & G will have orders to have the English execute Hamlet. That doesn't work out, however, so Claudius then proposes to make use of Laertes's desire to avenge his father's death, and have Laertes kill Hamlet. Or if that doesn't work out, Claudius proposes to poison Hamlet.
It is not clear from the text. Hamlet appears to think so when he says "Why, man, they did make love to this employment.", but then, he is answering Horatio's rebuke for his callousness about murdering Ros and Guil, and so may be choosing to believe what is easiest for his conscience. It is clear that the orders were sealed and that Ros and Guil had not read them, but it is possible and even plausible that Claudius, to lend credence to the orders, had orally instructed the messengers on their tenor.
They actually try to find out what is wrong with Hamlet in an earlier scene, Act II Scene 2. In Act III Scene I they make their report to Claudius of what they have found, or rather what they have not found. They do not tell Claudius the real reason they have not found it out, because the real reason is that they were so inept in their investigations that Hamlet almost immediately said "The king put you up to this, didn't he?" and after that they realized that they couldn't trust anything he said.
Act 3 is a busy act in Hamlet. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern make a report to the king, and he and Polonius plan to spy on Hamlet. They place themselves in a hidden space with Ophelia as bait. Hamlet strolls along and makes his "To be or not to be" speech. He sees Ophelia and they have a very peculiar conversation which ends with Hamlet getting angry with her and accusing her of prostituting herself (figuratively). Ophelia thinks he has lost his mind ("O what a noble mind is here o'erthrown") but Claudius draws the opposite conclusion. That's Scene 1. In Scene 2, Hamlet meets up with the players, and after telling them how to do their job, asks Horatio to watch Claudius during the play. The play is then performed with Hamlet being terrifically rude both to the actors and to his fellow audience members. Claudius spots that the play is all to similar to his murder of Hamlet Sr. and demands that it stop. As he exits, Hamlet is exultant: the Ghost has been vindicated! Rosencrantz and Guildenstern show up and tell Hamlet to visit his mother. On the way, Hamlet spots his uncle praying. We hear part of the prayer and know that Claudius is feeling guilt for murdering his brother. Hamlet is about to kill him then hesitates, deciding to wait until Claudius is doing something sinful. Nevertheless he says he could "drink hot blood" and he is now going to give his mother a talking-to. In Scene four, Hamlet arrives at his mother's bedroom and begins chastising her. Polonius, hiding behind a curtain, hears and echoes Gertrude's cries for help. Hamlet, believing his moment to kill Claudius has come at last, kills Polonius thinking that he is the king. He then launches into a long tirade to his weeping mother, and is only stopped by the appearance of the Ghost. Gertrude is persuaded that Claudius is a murderer and agrees to help Hamlet, and Hamlet drags the corpse of Polonius off.
They're not that similar. Guildenstern admits to Hamlet that they were sent for. Not Rosencrantz. Guildenstern jokes with Hamlet. Rosencrantz doesn't. Hamlet takes Guildenstern aside for the "recorder lesson" after the 'Mousetrap' play. Not Rosencrantz. More could be mentioned. When all the details are observed, they're pretty distinct characters.
The recorder is a symbol for the manipulation of people. Hamlet offers it to Rosencrantz and while doing this Hamlet reveals to Rosencrantz that he (Hamlet) is not a person who can be manipulated.
To take Hamlet to England to be killed, Claudius can't have Hamlet killed in Denmark because it would upset Queen Gertrude along with many others who still praise him even though he seems to have lost his mind. However on the trip to England Hamlet changes out the letters to say kill these men---Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. The priates of the ship are told that they will be paid well if they send Hamlet back. And they believe him due to his charming personality and style of clothing which is not commender fashioned. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are sent to the King of England and take the punishment of what was supposed to be Hamlet's death.
Hamlet fakes death warrants for Ros and Guil which are acted on by the King of England. Hamlet justifies this by saying that they were spies and got what they deserved, especially as this was the death which Claudius had planned for Hamlet with Ros and Guil's help. "They did make love to this employment" says Hamlet. Horatio is not wholly convinced, especially since R and G probably had no idea what their warrant said (it was sealed, remember). "So Rosencrantz and Guildenstern go to it" says Horatio, a bit disgusted by Hamlet's callousness.
His first plan is to send Hamlet off to England along with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. R & G will have orders to have the English execute Hamlet. That doesn't work out, however, so Claudius then proposes to make use of Laertes's desire to avenge his father's death, and have Laertes kill Hamlet. Or if that doesn't work out, Claudius proposes to poison Hamlet.
Next time ask only one question. What I am going to answer is the question of the difference between Horatio and the inseparable pair Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, and Hamlet's attitude to them. All of these men are schoolfellows of Hamlet who have unexpectedly arrived in Denmark. Yet Hamlet immediately takes Horatio into his confidence but challenges Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. As it turns out, this is an accurate assessment of them: Horatio is trustworthy, while R&G are spies. So our question is really "How does Hamlet know that Horatio is trustworthy and R&G are not?" The answer to this may lie in part in events and actions which happened in the past to which we, the audience, are not privy. There are, perhaps, two things which happen during the play which might have helped Hamlet come to this conclusion. First, Horatio comes to Hamlet to give information about the appearance of the ghost. But R&G do not have any information to give which would make their appearance less suspicious. Second, R&G respond to Hamlet's question about why they are in Denmark in an evasive way. They introduce the word "ambition" into the conversation out of nowhere. In other words, their speech is suspect and implausible. Not so Horatio's; when asked why he has come to Denmark his answer is immediate and clear: "My lord, I came to see your father's funeral."
He hears someone behind the curtains in his mother's room and he stabs first and asks questions ("Is it the king?") later. He switches the sealed orders carried by Rosencrantz and Guildenstern on a moment's thought. When the ship is attacked by pirates, Hamlet boards the pirate ship without finding out whether anyone else is going to follow him.
If he is, it isn't for long. By the time he says, "But in the beaten way of friendship, what make you in Elsinore?" he's already sussed them out. From there on, it's a battle of wits between them, and Hamlet constantly gets the better of them.
It is not clear from the text. Hamlet appears to think so when he says "Why, man, they did make love to this employment.", but then, he is answering Horatio's rebuke for his callousness about murdering Ros and Guil, and so may be choosing to believe what is easiest for his conscience. It is clear that the orders were sealed and that Ros and Guil had not read them, but it is possible and even plausible that Claudius, to lend credence to the orders, had orally instructed the messengers on their tenor.
They actually try to find out what is wrong with Hamlet in an earlier scene, Act II Scene 2. In Act III Scene I they make their report to Claudius of what they have found, or rather what they have not found. They do not tell Claudius the real reason they have not found it out, because the real reason is that they were so inept in their investigations that Hamlet almost immediately said "The king put you up to this, didn't he?" and after that they realized that they couldn't trust anything he said.
Act 3 is a busy act in Hamlet. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern make a report to the king, and he and Polonius plan to spy on Hamlet. They place themselves in a hidden space with Ophelia as bait. Hamlet strolls along and makes his "To be or not to be" speech. He sees Ophelia and they have a very peculiar conversation which ends with Hamlet getting angry with her and accusing her of prostituting herself (figuratively). Ophelia thinks he has lost his mind ("O what a noble mind is here o'erthrown") but Claudius draws the opposite conclusion. That's Scene 1. In Scene 2, Hamlet meets up with the players, and after telling them how to do their job, asks Horatio to watch Claudius during the play. The play is then performed with Hamlet being terrifically rude both to the actors and to his fellow audience members. Claudius spots that the play is all to similar to his murder of Hamlet Sr. and demands that it stop. As he exits, Hamlet is exultant: the Ghost has been vindicated! Rosencrantz and Guildenstern show up and tell Hamlet to visit his mother. On the way, Hamlet spots his uncle praying. We hear part of the prayer and know that Claudius is feeling guilt for murdering his brother. Hamlet is about to kill him then hesitates, deciding to wait until Claudius is doing something sinful. Nevertheless he says he could "drink hot blood" and he is now going to give his mother a talking-to. In Scene four, Hamlet arrives at his mother's bedroom and begins chastising her. Polonius, hiding behind a curtain, hears and echoes Gertrude's cries for help. Hamlet, believing his moment to kill Claudius has come at last, kills Polonius thinking that he is the king. He then launches into a long tirade to his weeping mother, and is only stopped by the appearance of the Ghost. Gertrude is persuaded that Claudius is a murderer and agrees to help Hamlet, and Hamlet drags the corpse of Polonius off.
Hamlet is ultimately based on the story of Amleth, which is found in a medieval Danish history by Saxo Grammaticus. Although called a history, the Amleth story, as recorded by Saxo, certainly contains more myth and legend than fact.Shakespeare's Hamlet, and Saxo's Amleth, are quite different in important respects, but the story lines are roughly similar, and Hamlet has a number of incidental details that appeared earlier in 'Amleth.'A French writer, Francois de Belleforest, translated Saxo's story of Amleth into French in 1570, and it probably entered English cultural consciousness via that French translation.There is a reference from 1589 to an English stage version of Hamlet, although it's very doubtful that play was the same one we have now. The earlier 'Hamlet' (called ur-Hamlet) is traditionally ascribed to Thomas Kyd, although some scholars have opined it might have been by Shakespeare.The best guess seems to be that Shakespeare's company obtained the earlier English 'Hamlet', in the mid-1590's, and Shakespeare then reworked it, to make it into the play we have now, as published in the Second Quarto of 1604-1605, and later in the First Folio of 1623.So, according to current thinking, Hamlet probably developed by way of the following path:Saxo's Amleth - >Belleforest's translation ->An English play by Kyd - >Shakespeare's Hamlet.