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Yes they were. Of course they were theatrical special effects and not the special effects which are possible with film (stop action, running film backwards, CGI etc.). It was in fact a special effect which caused the first Globe Theatre to burn down: they set off a cannon and the wadding ignited the thatched roof of the theatre. So we know that they used real cannons to give the effect of cannon fire.

Shakespeare often called for special effects in his stage directions. Witches appear out of nowhere (actually out of the trap door in the stage), Jupiter descends from the heavens (in a harness out of the trap door in the roof), Bottom enters with his head turned into that of a donkey and a man is pursued off the stage by a bear. People are still not agreed whether they used a real tame bear or a man in a bear suit.

They could make thunder by rolling cannonballs around on the canopy over the stage and whistling wind with recorders.

They had very realistic blood-and-gore effects which must have made being a costumer a nightmare. Actors would conceal bags of pig's blood in their costumes which, when stabbed, would spray blood everywhere. In Thomas Kyd's play The Spanish Tragedy, a character bites out his own tongue. To do this the actor kept a piece of liver in his mouth which he spat out at the appropriate time.

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11y ago

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