Claudius deals with Laertes first, before turning to Hamlet. He asks why he is still depressed. Hamlet, after a discussion with the Queen, makes a speech about how genuine his grief is. Claudius then tells him that he is mourning too much and should stop, that he is the heir to the throne, and that he won't be leaving Denmark to go back to university.
He sends them to the King of Norway to tell him about Fortinbras plan to wage war on Denmark.
Hamlet sends letters through the pirates that captured, and inadvertently saved him. He sends letters to Horatio, Claudius, and Gertrude. Claudius's one is meant to taunt him. The pirates use someone named Claudio as an intermediary--presumably he's a courtier, but we never see him.
The degree of relationship between Hamlet and Ophelia is quite unknown to the reader, although it is somewhat suggested in the text that they were, in fact, together. This subplot shows that when Hamlet pretends to be - or actually does become - insane that it effects Ophelia on a very deep level. The rejection Ophelia is given by Hamlet sends her into insanity - and in the end suicide. This is an aspect of irony, something Shakespeare liked to use in his work. By pretending to be insane, Hamlet causes Ophelia to actually become insane - a type of casualty caused by Hamlet's need to know the truth about his father's death.
Hamlet doubts the ghost's statement that Claudius had murdered him--the ghost could be lying. He re-enacts the murder in a play and has it performed in front of Claudius. Sure enough, it causes an attack of conscience in Claudius.
Hamlet is the son of King Hamlet and Queen Gertrude of Denmark, but his father has recently died and his uncle Claudius has become king and married Queen Gertrude. Hamlet is taken to a battlement where the ghost of his father appears and tells him that he was murdered by Claudius and commands Hamlet to revenge him by killing Claudius. Hamlet decides to act crazy while looking for a chance to get at the king. His crazy behaviour induces the king to set spies on him, first his school pals Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and later his girlfriend Ophelia. Hamlet, still unsure of the ghost's veracity, gets some travelling players to put on a play which mimics the murder. Claudius's reactions confirm he is the murderer all right. Hamlet then has a chance to kill him, but holds his hand because he is praying. He then visits his mother in her room and kills the king's advisor who is also his girlfriend's father and who was spying on him for the king. The king then sends him to England to get him out of the way with instructions to the English to kill him. The death of her father drives Ophelia crazy and she drowns. Her brother arrives, desperate for revenge. Hamlet's ship gets attacked by pirates and he ends up back in England. Ophelia's brother Laertes and the king plot to kill Hamlet by staging a fencing match in which Laertes will have a poisoned sharp sword, and Claudius will give Hamlet a poisoned drink. But it all backfires. Hamlet gets hold of the poisoned sword after Laertes cuts him with it and kills Laertes. Gertrude drinks the poisoned drink and dies. Hamlet stabs Claudius and gives him the remains of the poisoned drink and then dies himself in the arms of his best friend Horatio.
One of the two ambassadors Claudius sends to Norway. (The other is Cornelius.)
He sends them to the King of Norway to tell him about Fortinbras plan to wage war on Denmark.
Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Hamlet's childhood friends. Claudius sends them to spy on Hamlet.
Claudius sends Hamlet to England, but he doesn't get there.
Claudius sends ambassadors to "Old Norway"to try to get him to calm young Fotinbras down. Fortinbras has sent Denmark a list of ultimatums, thinking they are weak from the death of Hamlet sr., or else he will wage war.
King Claudius believes that Hamlet is a threat to him because Hamlet killed Polonius, who was hiding behind the curtains and Hamlet and actually thought it was Claudius. Claudius feels threatened and in danger by Hamlets behavior and as a precaution sends him to England, where Claudius also sends a letter to kill Hamlet upon arrival in England.
Claudius sends Hamlet to England after Hamlet kills Polonius. However, Hamlet's ship is intercepted by pirates and Hamlet is able to talk his way on to their boat and back to Denmark. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern remain on Hamlet's boat and land in England, where they are executed.
Norway
Claudius has sent written instructions to the English to put Hamlet to death when he arrives there.
Claudius is concerned that Hamlet knows the truth about how he killed King Hamlet and has been watching Hamlet since he killed the king. When Hamlet kills Polonius he sees how unstable Hamlet is and that he can not take the chance and let Hamlet stay, which would risk his own safety. Claudius sends Hamlet to England so that on the way he can have him killed and he would no longer have to worry about the problem that is Hamlet.
Norway.
Claudius was suspicious that Hamlet knew of his crime after the players had put on their show. After Claudius hears that Hamlet had stabbed Polonius, Claudius was certain that Hamlet was trying to kill him. To protect himself, he sends Hamlet to England with a letter and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to deliver him. The letter contains instructions for the king of England to have Hamlet executed.