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Melzack and Wall's gate control theory is essentially the idea that there are large myelinated fibers that synapse onto the projection neuron. When pain is sensed, this projection neuron normally has increased activity, which activates a C fiber (an unmyelinated type of fiber that is responsible for the transmission of prolonged, dull pain). If the large myelinated fibers are stimulated, though, causing an increase in their activity, they activate an inhibitory interneuron which inhibits the activity in the C fiber and the projection neuron, cutting of the signal of pain.

So, the idea is, if the large fibers remain unstimulated, the pain signal will be propagated, but if they are activated, they act as an electrical gate, blocking the transmission of pain up the C fiber.

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Q: What is Melzack and Wall's gate control theory?
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