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Mutual Exclusion is the concept of restricting access to a shared resource. When multiple processes perform operations on a single resource then they might corrupt it. Its the operating systems' responsibility to make sure that this does not happen. There are many methods that can be used to implement mutual exclusion such as semaphores, monitors, etc. Mutual exclusion has the following properties.

Safety: No two processes must use the shared resource at the same time. (Should not be in the critical section at the same time.)

Liveliness: There should not be deadlocks and a process comes out of the critical section after some time.

Fairness: A process wanting to use critical section must only wait some time.

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