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The first operating systems were nothing like modern operating systems and were usually called batch monitors, because all they did was automatically ran jobs sequentially in batch mode. Computers of the time had no interactive mode of operation. Computer companies did not supply software of any kind with their machines, so it was usually up to the user (company, university, government office) to write all their own software. The first batch monitor/operating system was done in 1954 by MIT for their UNIVAC 1103. General Motors did one in 1955 for their IBM 701.

The first computer to come from the manufacturer with an operating system already installed is a different question.

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