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Philosophy is the quest for more.

As there is no such thing as "ancient" vs "modern", then there is only ever the philosophy of truth, which is reality. Ancient and modern imply a barrier, which cannot be drawn between the two.

There is no difference.

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With this said, there has been a historical shift in philosophical/political analysis that has been usually identified as the "divide" (even if it is a false dichotomy) of ancient and modern philosophy.

There are many names and ways it has been identified but I will call it here, Enlightenment Liberalism. In philosophy, Descartes is many times seen as a mark of this division, but there are two hallmarks of EL: a methodological individualism, and a mathematical/logical understanding of reason. Philosophers started using great deductive proofs, and Truth came to be understood and discovered like geometry with the individual as the standard unit of measurement.

This is vastly contrast to, for instance the noetic Aristotelian conception of philosophy where man is the polis animal and human nature (just as the nature of all things) comes to be understood teleologically. One has to discover the end of a thing and its essence before one can standardize and measure it etc. Once you've seen a great oak tree, you can tell what a crappy one looks like. The same insight can be drawn to the nature of man, which has an emphasis on the polis and sociability instead of the individual

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