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How did existentialism and phenomenology develop as a response to Hegelian idealism?
Hegelian Idealism was an organic dialectic, i.e. a wholism based on the notion that the world and indeed history is created as a series of distinct logical steps, one based upon another, and that each logical step provides a synthesis of the previous steps. Hegelian dialectics involved a rejection of platonic idealism. Existentialism and Phenomenology were a dissatisfaction over this rejection of idealism as being unjustified rather than erroneous. The notion of dialectic simply stated the idealism as a logical mode, and didn't deal with the problem of the logical structure of reality as it exists, merely as it was hypothesised to exists. There is thus, a lack of connectedness with existence in Hegelian dialectics. Both Existentialism and Phenomenology were phenomenologies, though the latter was nominally 'existential phenomenology'. This differenence in the two being multifaceted, but focussed on the assertion by existentialism that existence precedes essence. Phenomenology by contrast, and as a broader notion than existentialism makes the argument that there is no quantitative distinction between object relationships, but that they spread within planes. As a historicism, Kierkegaard can be argued to be the earliest Existentialist, with Satre being its forceful advocate. The historical drive from Hegelian Idealism is then the dissatisfaction with pure or idealised forms of logic, and the argument for a phenomeno-logic, i.e. of one resting in the plane of the subject. There was simply no credibility to Hegelian dialectical reasoning as subjective to such reasoning was almost a mentalism of Hegel's plant of reality. Phenomenology and existential phenomenology offered the ability to base arguments as to reality into that reality. The mode of subjectivity was a device that connected the system of non-definable object relations into reality. Well that's my opinion, but all opinions differ. I hope that helps, Brian H.
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Describe historical development of Continental philosophy's existentialism and phenomenology as a response to Helgelian idealism?
Existentialism and phenomenology emerged in response to Hegelian idealism by prioritizing subjective experience and individual freedom. Existentialism, exemplified by thinkers like Kierkegaard and Nietzsche, focuses on the individual's experience of freedom, choice, and responsibility in a potentially indifferent universe. Phenomenology, pioneered by Husserl and developed by Heidegger, seeks to understand the structures of consciousness and how we engage with the world without relying on metaphysical presuppositions. Both movements critique Hegel's emphasis on an all-encompassing historical or metaphysical system in favor of a more personal and immediate engagement with existence.
What is the phlosophy of Jean-Paul sartre?
It's a bit difficult to sum up Sartre's philosophy, but I hope this would be a good abridged version: Sartre is most identified with his contributions to existentialism, he codified the aforementioned philosophy with his revelation that "existence precedes essence." This statement rejects the notion held by many philosophers and theologians since the time of Plato that consciousness first has an essence or archetype before it exists, because consciousness (or being) is a negation (this is not to say that existentialism is necessarily atheistic, but Sartre was an atheist existentialist). Man, to Sartre, is "condemned to be free." Existentialism is a philosophy that gives priority to subjectivity, or consciousness; this priority stemming from Descartes famous statement "I think, therefore I am." (The mind/body duality that this statement sets up isn't as important to existential thought then the duality between subjective/reality). Also, existentialism can be traced back to nihilism, in fact one could say that it is a response to it. In short, nihilism's basic premise is that life/reality has no intrinsic meaning or value, existentialists agree with this but add that the subjective meaning is important in life, this sentiment is reflected in existential literature in that that human will usually conquers existential despair through the act of creating something or taking hold of one's life. Lastly, existentialism is related to determinism, asserting that human's possess free will (in the existentialist world this is known as "abandonment"). A simple way to understand this is that deterministic philosophy looks at the objective factors in the decision-making process, whereas existentialists (as stated earlier) look at the subjective act of choice, and thus state that man is responsible for his actions. Sartre's phenomenology centers around existentialism, but includes a lot more than what I've mentioned earlier; separating consciousness into being-for-itself and being-in-itself, and also delving into psychoanalysis of interpersonal relations (separating the being-for-others, when you become the object of someone else's consciousness, and "the Other," which represents an other conscious being); another quote he is famous for regarding his phenomenology, from his play 'No Exit,' is that "hell is other people," embodying the existential struggle that occurs during interpersonal contact. Outside of this Sartre is known for his political philosophy. He was a member of the radical left and a Marxist theorist, but declared himself an anarchist. (Anarchism and feminism being political schools of thought that existentialism heavily influenced afterward.) Hope this helped ;)
Why Jose rizal wrote amor patrio?
Jose Rizal wrote "Amor Patrio" as a response to a writing contest asking for essays about the Philippines' condition during that time. The essay reflects Rizal's patriotism, idealism, and desire for reform in his country. It also serves as a call to action for his fellow Filipinos to work towards a better future for their nation.
What is meaning of yes or no rejoinder?
A yes or no rejoinder is a response that requires a simple "yes" or "no" answer without further explanation or elaboration. It is a direct way of soliciting a clear and succinct response to a question or statement.
What is the evolution of philosophy?
The evolution of philosophy can be traced through different periods in history, such as ancient philosophy with thinkers like Socrates and Plato, medieval philosophy with figures like St. Thomas Aquinas, modern philosophy with Descartes and Kant, and contemporary philosophy with various schools of thought like analytic philosophy and existentialism. Philosophical ideas have evolved in response to social, cultural, and scientific changes, leading to diverse perspectives on topics such as ethics, metaphysics, and epistemology.
Describe historical development of Continental philosophy's existentialism and phenomenology as a response to Helgelian idealism?
Existentialism and phenomenology emerged in response to Hegelian idealism by prioritizing subjective experience and individual freedom. Existentialism, exemplified by thinkers like Kierkegaard and Nietzsche, focuses on the individual's experience of freedom, choice, and responsibility in a potentially indifferent universe. Phenomenology, pioneered by Husserl and developed by Heidegger, seeks to understand the structures of consciousness and how we engage with the world without relying on metaphysical presuppositions. Both movements critique Hegel's emphasis on an all-encompassing historical or metaphysical system in favor of a more personal and immediate engagement with existence.
What is post existentialism?
Post-existentialism is a philosophical movement that emerged in the mid-20th century as a response to existentialism. It criticizes existentialism's focus on individual freedom and subjective experience, often emphasizing the interconnectedness of individuals within society and questioning the limitations of individual agency. Post-existentialist thinkers may explore themes such as power dynamics, social structures, and the influence of language on human experience.
How did existentialism come about?
Existentialism emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries as a response to the increasing emphasis on individual freedom, responsibility, and the search for meaning in a seemingly absurd world. Influential thinkers such as Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, and Heidegger contributed to the development of existentialist ideas, which focus on the importance of personal choice, authenticity, and the experience of individual existence.
What is post- Kantian?
Post-Kantian refers to philosophical movements and thinkers that developed in response to Immanuel Kant's ideas, particularly his theories on epistemology, ethics, and metaphysics. This includes figures like G.W.F. Hegel, Friedrich Nietzsche, and various strands of German Idealism and existentialism, who sought to address or critique Kant's concepts of the limits of human knowledge and the nature of reality. Post-Kantian philosophy often explores themes such as subjectivity, the nature of the self, and the interplay between reason and experience. Essentially, it signifies a shift towards new philosophical inquiries that build upon or react against Kantian foundations.
What is the phlosophy of Jean-Paul sartre?
It's a bit difficult to sum up Sartre's philosophy, but I hope this would be a good abridged version: Sartre is most identified with his contributions to existentialism, he codified the aforementioned philosophy with his revelation that "existence precedes essence." This statement rejects the notion held by many philosophers and theologians since the time of Plato that consciousness first has an essence or archetype before it exists, because consciousness (or being) is a negation (this is not to say that existentialism is necessarily atheistic, but Sartre was an atheist existentialist). Man, to Sartre, is "condemned to be free." Existentialism is a philosophy that gives priority to subjectivity, or consciousness; this priority stemming from Descartes famous statement "I think, therefore I am." (The mind/body duality that this statement sets up isn't as important to existential thought then the duality between subjective/reality). Also, existentialism can be traced back to nihilism, in fact one could say that it is a response to it. In short, nihilism's basic premise is that life/reality has no intrinsic meaning or value, existentialists agree with this but add that the subjective meaning is important in life, this sentiment is reflected in existential literature in that that human will usually conquers existential despair through the act of creating something or taking hold of one's life. Lastly, existentialism is related to determinism, asserting that human's possess free will (in the existentialist world this is known as "abandonment"). A simple way to understand this is that deterministic philosophy looks at the objective factors in the decision-making process, whereas existentialists (as stated earlier) look at the subjective act of choice, and thus state that man is responsible for his actions. Sartre's phenomenology centers around existentialism, but includes a lot more than what I've mentioned earlier; separating consciousness into being-for-itself and being-in-itself, and also delving into psychoanalysis of interpersonal relations (separating the being-for-others, when you become the object of someone else's consciousness, and "the Other," which represents an other conscious being); another quote he is famous for regarding his phenomenology, from his play 'No Exit,' is that "hell is other people," embodying the existential struggle that occurs during interpersonal contact. Outside of this Sartre is known for his political philosophy. He was a member of the radical left and a Marxist theorist, but declared himself an anarchist. (Anarchism and feminism being political schools of thought that existentialism heavily influenced afterward.) Hope this helped ;)
What is the difference between gestalt therapy and existential therapy?
Behaviorism is the theory that animal and human behavior is explained without appeal to feeling or thought. The difference is that existentialism is a theory emphasizing the existence of a person as a free agent developing through acts of the will.
What tragic flaw does Brutus reveal in his response to Cassius concerns about marching there armies to philipi?
Brutus reveals his tragic flaw of idealism and overconfidence in his response to Cassius's concerns about marching to Philippi. He dismisses Cassius's pragmatic caution, believing that their moral cause will ensure victory regardless of the strategic disadvantages. This unwavering belief in the righteousness of their mission ultimately leads to their downfall, as he underestimates the enemy and overestimates their own strength. Brutus's inability to adapt to the realities of war highlights his tragic naivety.
Why Jose rizal wrote amor patrio?
Jose Rizal wrote "Amor Patrio" as a response to a writing contest asking for essays about the Philippines' condition during that time. The essay reflects Rizal's patriotism, idealism, and desire for reform in his country. It also serves as a call to action for his fellow Filipinos to work towards a better future for their nation.
What details of the shepherd's description seemed distinctly idealistic in the nymph's reply to the shepherd by Sir Walter Raleigh?
In the nymph's reply to the shepherd by Sir Walter Raleigh, the shepherd idealistically describes a world where love will never fade and where eternal happiness awaits. The nymph's response contrasts this idealism by pointing out the transient nature of beauty and love, highlighting the inevitable passage of time and the impermanence of earthly pleasures.
What is a constructive response?
A constructive response is a response that extends your answer and extends it.
What are the types of tropism with their description?
Phototropism is the response to light. Geotropism is the response to gravity. Chemotropism is the response to particular substances. Hydrotropism is the response to water. Thigmotropism is the response to mechanical stimulation. Traumatotropism is the response to wound lesion. Galvanotropism is the response to electric current.
What is the difference between a positive and negative response in biology?
A positive response is when a response happens to a stimuli, and this response causes more of the stimuli to happen. A negative response is when a response happens because of a stimuli, and the response stops the continuation of the stimuli.
