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Social contract theory deals with the question of society and the value of being a member of society. According to Thomas Hobbes's book Leviathan, life in a state of nature (with no government, laws, or other rules) would be "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."

In order to protect against such an existence, mankind joins into an assumed or implied agreement known as "the social contract". In so doing, each individual relinquishes their right to act according to the basic laws of nature and instead be constrained by laws of a governing body.

The benefit of entering into such an arrangement is the overall protection that society provides. Within a society, there are typically rules constraining a person's ability to steal, murder, assault, or otherwise harm other individuals within the society. The common defense of society's members, as well as secondary functions such as commerce and infrastructure, are the basic advantages of living within a society.

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