An observation based on physical qualities of a noun.
For example:
That dog has black fur.
That man is in a trench-coat.
Deadmau5 is awesome.
A quantitative observation is an observation based on an amount.
For example:
The dog has two eyes.
The man's trench-coat has six buttons.
A Deadmau5 mau5head has two ears, two eyes, and a mouth.