The Rhetoric of Irony was created in 1974.
A: The best answer is literalism: adherence to the explicit substance of an idea or expression (Merriam-Webster). Everything portrayed literally can be trusted to represent nothing more than what it is. No hidden meanings, no hidden agenda, no rhetoric, whatever. I believe the problem with defining the opposite of irony is that irony itself is difficult to quantify. Any dictionary will have several specific definitions of the word and each markedly different from the next, each dependent upon different scenarios. This variation is because irony is felt. It lays just beneath the surface of some things, difficult to tease out the details. Comedians, for instance, often have a far more ethereal view of irony than one might think. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- B: Coincidence (which oddly enough is what thousands of people think irony means).
There is dramatic, situational, and verbal irony. Dramatic Irony- the contrast between what the character knows and what his audience knows. Situational Irony- the contrast between what was expected to happen and what actually ended up happening. Verbal Irony- the contrast between what is said and what is meant. These types of irony have to do with the conflict, theme, and setting.
Situational and dramatic irony can occur independently, but verbal irony always involves a discrepancy between what is said and what is meant. Therefore, an option that does not include verbal irony would not have all three forms of irony.
Verbal irony (also called sarcasm) -- a writer makes a statement in which the actual meaning differs from the meaning that the words appear to express. Situational irony -- accidental events occur that seem oddly appropriate, such as the poetic justice of a TV weather presenter getting caught in a surprise rainstorm. Dramatic irony -- a narrative in which the reader knows something about present or future circumstances that a character in the story does not know.
The study of rhetoric is commonly credited to ancient Greek scholars, particularly to the philosopher Aristotle. Aristotle's work, "Rhetoric," is a foundational text in the field.
Irony and rhetoric questions
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