The first and second estate rejected the ideas of the Enlightenment because these ideas challenged their traditional power and privileges. The Enlightenment promoted concepts like equality, democracy, and individual rights that went against the interests of the nobility and clergy who benefited from the existing social and political hierarchy. Additionally, Enlightenment ideals called for a separation of church and state, threatening the religious authority of the second estate.
The French middle class belonged to the Third Estate (commoners) while the peasantry also belonged to the Third Estate. The First Estate was made up of the clergy and the Second Estate was made up of the nobility.
The Enlightenment resulted in a shift towards rational and scientific thinking, leading to advancements in various fields such as philosophy, science, and politics. It also laid the groundwork for the development of democratic ideals and inspired revolutions like the American and French Revolutions.
In chronological order: Naturalism Enlightenment Romanticism Realism
Romantics generally reacted against the Enlightenment's emphasis on reason and rationality, instead valuing emotion, intuition, and imagination. They often criticized the Enlightenment's focus on scientific progress and materialism, favoring a more spiritual or naturalistic worldview. Romantics sought to explore individuality, creativity, and the beauty of the natural world in contrast to the Enlightenment's emphasis on societal progress and reason.
There are many influential Enlightenment thinkers, but some of the most commonly cited are John Locke, Voltaire, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Each had a significant impact on shaping Enlightenment ideas about individual rights, reason, and social contract theory.
The Third Estate was the commons or the ordinary people, the First Estate being the clergy and the Second Estate the nobility .
First Estate: 0.5% Second Estate: 1.5% Third Estate: 98%
first estate second estate and third estate.
The First Estate was the Catholic Clergy. The Second Estate was the Nobility. The Third Estate were the working stiffs who owned property and paid taxes.
The Catholic Clergy were the First Estate and were tax exempt. The Nobles made up the Second Estate and paid no taxes. Everyone else was in the Third Estate and paid all of the taxes.
The Nobles of the Second Estate. it's First estate for a+
It was right next door to the first estate, Versailles.
The first estate was of the clergy. The second was of the nobility, and the third was everyone else: peasants, merchants, lawyers, industrial workers, artisans,
By making the First estate and the Second estate pay taxes and thus contribute to France's budget.
The third estate held 97% [of which held 80% peasants] the Second estate held 1% and the First estate held 2%.
Catholic priests. The "first estate" under the French pre-revolutionary Ancien Régime was the clergy.
2% The first estate took up 1%, and the third estate took up 97%