The momentum of a moving object is (mass of the object) multiplied by (speed of the object). Neither of those numbers is affected by where you are, whether on a planet, on a moon, or in space. Mass times speed equals momentum.
The momentum of an object depends on the mass and the velocity; the weight doesn't figure in to it.
Even in "zero-gravity" or free-fall in orbit, the momentum of an object is the same. It takes the same amount of energy to accelerate or decelerate no matter what the gravity is.
This is one of the things that astronauts working in space have some trouble getting used to; a massive object can weigh nothing in free-fall, but it still has momentum. It takes energy to get it moving, and it takes energy to make it stop.
Momentum is transferred to the wall... And through it, to planet Earth.
In short, no. The momentum is not destroyed, but rather imparted onto the earth. However, because the earth is so huge, the momentum given has almost zero change on the earth's speed.
The ball's momentum changes in one direction, the momentum of planet Earth in the opposite direction.
The principle of conservation of momentum is not satisfied, since the sum of external forces is not equal to zero, if the ball falls the net force is equal to the weight, makes the ball Vary your speed and therefore their momentum.
It relates to work in the sense that work involves moving things, which involves changing their momentum, and to change momentum you have to create an equal and opposite momentum so that momentum is conserved - although the planet Earth is such a convenient momentum sink that in most cases this happens without being specifically noticed.
Momentum is transferred to the wall... And through it, to planet Earth.
that it has rockets booster so it can get off earth into space
More or less. There is a law of conservation of angular momentum, according to which Earth can't gain or lose angular momentum on its own - if for example it loses angular momentum, it has to go somewhere. A meteor who falls into the Earth, or a rocket leaving the Earth can change Earth's angular momentum - but the total angular momentum (e.g., of the system meteor + Earth) is the same, before and after the impact.
It works the same way it does on Earth. The momentum of the club is transferred to the golf ball and it travels. And it isn't slowed down by the friction of air.
In short, no. The momentum is not destroyed, but rather imparted onto the earth. However, because the earth is so huge, the momentum given has almost zero change on the earth's speed.
For a simple answer, we have to ignore air resistance. As the skydiver's downward momentum increases, the earth's upward momentum increases by an identical amount. The total momentum of the earth-skydiver system remains constant.
Conservation of angular momentum.
(Answered as "What travels across the surface of the Earth when an eclipse occurs?") The shadow of the Moon travels across the Earth during a Solar Eclipse. (During a Lunar Eclipse, the shadow of the Earth travels across the Moon.)
earth
The ball's momentum changes in one direction, the momentum of planet Earth in the opposite direction.
As there is no external torque acting on it, its angular momentum remains constant. This is according to the law of conservation of angular momentum
The Earth condensed out of a rotating Solar Nebula, inheriting its angular momentum for the condensing cloud. The conservation of angular momentum allows the Earth to maintain its orbit.