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They can't be 'broken down' into energy. However, subatomic particles (indeed, all matter) can be annihilated and converted into energy.

Each particle of matter has an antiparticle (antimatter). When a particle collides with its exact antiparticle twin, they annihilate each other. They 'disappear' and become photons (quanta containing energy).

This means that matter and energy are exchangeable. The ratio is from Einstein's formula:

E = mc2 , where E = energy, m = mass, c = speed of light

Annihilation must occur due to the conservation law.

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