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Convection is one of three ways that heat energy can be transferred. Convection occurs only in liquids and gases, in other words, fluids. For example, when the liquid or gas is heated from below, it nearly always becomes less dense, causing it to float upward and further from the heat source. Meanwhile, the cooler fluid from further up sinks down and takes the place of the hot fluid that just floated upward, and then the cooler fluid heats up, while the hotter fluid at the top cools down. The cycle constantly repeats, creating a circular motion within the fluid. Convection has an effect on things ranging from weather and ocean currents to cooking, causing fluids to move and heat to be distributed.

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