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What is difference between dextro and laevo rotation?
Useful definitions:Dextro: RightLaevo: LeftEnantiomer: mirror form of a moleculeChiral: a molecule lacking an internal plane of symmetry that can be found in two non-superimposable mirror forms.The mirror images of a chiral molecule are known as enantiomers, one will be designated Dextro (D-) and the other Laevo (L-).This behaviour is exhibited by organic molecules containing an asymmetric Carbon atom e.g. D-Glucose, L-Cysteine, etc, enzymes are chiral and tend to selectively catalyse a single enantiomer.Chiral molecules that are optically active will rotate plane polarised light passing through them, l- enantiomers will rotate the polarisation to the Left, d- enantiomers will rotate it to the Right.Note the capitalisation L/D refers to the stereochemistry of the molecule relative to that of Glyceraldehyde - l/d tells you which way the polarisation will be rotated. The IUPAC discourages the use of l/d notation as it can be confusing +/- is prefered.
How is a concave mirror shaped differently from a plane mirror?
A normal mirror is flat, like this: l . A concave mirror on the other hand, has a slight inward curve, like this: ( . And, if you're interested, a convex mirror has a slight outward curve, like this: ) . This is to provide a wider view.
What are the three kinds of mirrors and what kind of images do they reflect?
The three kinds of mirrors are plane mirrors, concave mirrors, and convex mirrors. Plane mirrors reflect a virtual image that is upright and the same size as the object. Concave mirrors reflect both real and virtual images, depending on the object's position relative to the mirror. Convex mirrors always reflect virtual images that are smaller and upright.
Why is it difficult to read the image of a text of a page formed due to reflection by a plane mirror?
There are two reasons. First, we are not used to seeing the mirror image of most letters. The first few times we see the mirror image of a, B, C, c, D, E, e, F, f, G, g, h, J, j, K, k, L, N, P, Q, R, r, S, s, y, Z or z, our brains do not immediately recognize what they are seeing, so it takes extra time to determine of which letter is what we are seeing the mirror image. Second, even after we get used to reading text backwards, when, for example, we see b, we automatically think b instead of d because our brains are still more accustomed to reading forward, so b is a shape we immediately recognize as forward b before we remember that it is also backward d.
What is the meaning of levo and dextrorotatory?
This is to do with chemicals which are optically active, which means they rotate the plane of polarized light which is passed through them. Dextrorotatory means that the plane of polarization is rotated to the right, or clockwise, as observed when facing the oncoming light. Levo, or laevo-rotatory is the opposite, rotation to the left. Molecules which do this are mirror images of each other.
What are the optical isomers of d-fructose?
The optical isomers of D-fructose are D-fructose (also known as D-arabino-hexulose) and L-fructose (also known as L-sorbofuranose). These isomers differ in their spatial arrangement around a chiral carbon atom, leading to different optical properties.
What are the differences between d and l isomers in terms of their chemical properties and biological activities?
D and L isomers are mirror images of each other, known as enantiomers. They differ in their spatial arrangement of atoms, which affects their chemical properties and biological activities. D isomers are more common in nature and are often found in biological systems. They can have different effects on the body compared to L isomers, as they may interact differently with enzymes and receptors. This can result in differences in potency, efficacy, and side effects of drugs or other compounds.
Optical isomers of tartaric acid?
Tartaric acid though it contains four chiral carbons will exists in three isomeric forms i.e., (+), (-), and meso.(+) and (-) tartaric acids are mirror images of each other and are hence enantiomers while meso is not a mirror image of either of them.
What is the enantiomer of D-arabinose?
The enantiomer of D-arabinose is L-arabinose. Enantiomers are mirror images of each other that are non-superimposable, and they have opposite stereochemistry at every stereocenter.
What is the difference between the D-form and the L-form of a compound?
The stereochemistry. Specifically, for carbohydrates, the configuration at the last (highest numbered) stereocenter determines whether it's D or L form. D means it has the same configuration as (+)-glyceraldehyde; L means it has the same configuration as (-)-glyceraldehyde. Note that D and L (capital letters) are not at all the same as d and l (lower letters). The capital letters relate the configuration to glyceraldehyde, the lower case letters specify whether the substance is dextrorotatory or levorotatory. For glyceraldehyde, D is d (+) and L is l (-), but this is not always the case for other molecules.
What are the differences between the l vs d isomers and how do they affect the properties of a compound?
L and D isomers are mirror images of each other, known as enantiomers. They have the same chemical formula but differ in their spatial arrangement of atoms. This difference can affect the compound's properties, such as its biological activity, taste, and smell. In biological systems, only one isomer may be active, while the other may be inactive or even harmful. This is known as chirality, and it plays a crucial role in drug development and other fields of chemistry.
What is the difference between d and l isomers and how does it impact their properties?
D and L isomers are mirror images of each other, known as enantiomers. The main difference between them is their arrangement of atoms around a chiral center. This difference in arrangement can impact their properties, such as their biological activity, taste, and solubility. In biological systems, only one of the enantiomers may be active or effective, while the other may be inactive or even harmful. This is known as chirality, and it plays a crucial role in drug development and other fields of chemistry.
What are the other isomers of fructose?
The other isomers of fructose include D-fructose, L-fructose, and D,L-fructose. These isomers differ in the arrangement of functional groups around the asymmetric carbon atoms, leading to different spatial structures. Fructose typically refers to the D-fructose isomer, which is the most common form found in nature.
What are molecules that share the same chemical formula but have different shapes?
They are called isomers. Isomers may be structural isomers (e.g. 1-propanol and isopropanol) or stereoisomers (e.g. L-aspartic acid and D-aspartic acid).
What is the difference between d ascorbic and L ascorbic acid?
l ascorbic acid and d ascorbic acid are optical isomers of each other. Optical isomers have the same physical and chemical properties but bend the plane of polarisation of polarized light in different directions.It is also called ChiralitySee the related link for more info on optical isomers.
D glucose and l glucose are examples of?
According to the Fischer projection formula, they are enantiomers.
How many isomers of d-ketohexofuranose are possible?
Answer 8 D-isomers of fructose, as I figured out. Of the D-keto-hexoses (like fructose) there are : 8x D-2-ketoses: alpha and beta form of 4 members [D-psicose, D-fructose, D-sorbose, D-tagatose] Not: D-3-ketoses can NOT form furanose ring (4C + O) Not: D-4-ketoses = same as D-3-ketose Not: D-5-ketoses = D-2-ketose At last you can also mention the same set of the (full) enantiomers in L-form: 8x L-2-ketoses: alpha and beta form of [L-psicose, L-fructose, L-sorbose, L-tagatose]
