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Waves transmit energy, but not matter. In a longitudinal wave, the molecules move to and fro parallel to the direction in which the wave advances. Sound waves are longitudinal waves made up of a series of compressions and rarefactions. In a transverse wave, the molecules move back and forth at right angles to the direction in which the wave advances. A wave on the surface of a body of water is a transverse wave.Electromagnetic waves are also transverse waves. In electromagnetic waves, electric and magnetic fields-rather than molecules-move back and forth.

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