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Yes, any time a current passes through a wire, part of the electricity will be converted into heat. This is used in a lightbulb (a small part of the heat then gets converted into light), in a shower, in an iron (for ironing your clothes), and others.

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The term, 'thermal energy' is obsolete, having been replaced by the term, 'internal energy'. Yes, you can convert electrical energy into internal energy. That's what happens, for example, when you boil a kettle. The process of converting one form of energy into another is called 'work', so the kettle is doing work whenever it converts electrical energy into the water and increasing its internal energy. An increase in internal energy is accompanied by an increase in temperature. Whenever the temperature of the water exceeds the surrounding temperature, energy is lost to the surroundings through heat transfer. Heat is a process defined as energy in transit from a higher temperature to a lower temperature.

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