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Students will determine the wavelength of a helium neon laser. Students will collect

six different sets of measurements in this experiment and use these measurements to

solve for the wavelength of the laser.

Preparations:

Put out one or sets of a laser, screen and two diffraction gratings for student use.

The intent is to have the laser beam pass through a diffraction grating resuling in

an interference pattern on the screen. Either the screen or the grating will need

to be movable since each grating will be used three times at different distances

from the screen. Decide ahead of time which object will be moveable. Each

of the three distances should yield a clearly observable interference pattern.

The photos on the following page show visual representations of the materials,

setup, and interference patterns generated during the experiment. A graphic of

the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths specified is also shown.

Procedure:

Have students record the diffraction grating lines (mm) and convert them into

centimeters to determine the slit width (d). Students will also record the distance

from grating to screen (L) and distance from a maximum bright spot to an

adjacent maximum bright spot (x). Two different gratings are to be used at three

different distances from the screen and measurements recorded. Students will

then use these measurements to determine the wavelength of the laser.

Connection to APOL Biocomplexity Project:

Lasers are of many wavelengths and each type of laser has a particular application

based on that wavelength. The lasers used in the APOL project are designed

to give a final output of 4.3 x10-6 meters. This is in the mid-infrared range and

is invisible to the eye. In this activity, a laser that has an output visible to the

eye will be necessary. The He-Ne laser is the most common type of laser in the

school environment.

Solution:

Most schools will use a standard red helium neon laser. The wavelength for this

laser is 633 nanometers. Some schools may have access to helium neon lasers of

different wavelengths. The results for those lasers should be as follows: Green:

543.5 nm, Orange: 612 nm, and yellow: 594 nm.

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Q: How could you use the diffraction of a laser beam by a slit to determine the wavelength of the laser light?
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