Seeing objects that don't reflect light is tricky business. And black holes are as mysterious as a target can be. Not even light can escape them. This is a pretty tricky problem for scientists, whose instruments usually rely on light-- whether it's visible light, radio waves, X-rays or infrared-- to observe objects in space.
One method to see black holes has been to watch the fate of an object falling into one of these cosmic graves. If material actually falls into a black hole, it gets shredded apart and it heats up. As it heats up, it starts emitting light and this radiation we can observe. In particular, we can often see X-rays coming from black holes. When gas orbits around a black hole it tends to get very hot because of friction. It starts emitting X-rays and radio waves. So a lot of times black holes can be found and studied by looking for bright sources of X-rays and radio waves in the sky.
These X-rays do not get through the Earth's atmosphere and can only be seen with telescopes positioned in space, such as the Hubble telescope.
The strong gravitational attraction of a black hole affects the motion of nearby objects. When astronomers see a star circling around something, but they cannot see what that something is, they may suspect it is a black hole. Astronomers can even figure the mass of a black hole by measuring the mass of the star and its speed. The same kind of calculation can be done with black holes at the center of many galaxies, including our own galaxy, the Milky Way. In fact, at the very center of our galaxy, radio and X-ray telescopes have detected a powerful source called 'Sagittarius A', identified as this massive black hole.
Cherenkov radiation is used to detect neutrinos in high-energy physics experiments by observing the faint blue light emitted when neutrinos interact with water or ice. This light is produced when neutrinos travel faster than the speed of light in the medium, creating a cone of light that can be detected by specialized instruments.
Astronomers use evidence such as the behavior of nearby stars and gas, as well as the bending of light around invisible objects, to detect the presence of black holes in space.
0 - neutrinos are neutral, as the name suggests (it is latin for "little neutral one")
Possible neutrino change. The electron neutrino is formed by one energy quantum. This particle is characterised by mass wave which is unclosed. Muon neutrino and tauon neutrino are only one particle. This particle is formed by unsymmetrical couple of energy quanta. This particle is characterised by two mass waves (unsymmetrical and unclosed) with length proportion 1:2. Such structure consequence is periodical energy change of particle with energies proportion 3:1 in dependence on time. Both time periods are identical and relatively long. This results of considerations on the theme the Theory of Everything.
Neutrinos are interesting because they are extremely light, neutral particles that interact very weakly with matter, making them difficult to detect. They can provide valuable insights into fundamental physics and help scientists better understand processes in the universe, such as those occurring in stars and supernovae. Studying neutrinos can also shed light on the properties of dark matter and the early universe.
The nuclear reactions going on in the heart of the Sun.
Astronomers use a variety of methods to detect objects in space, including telescopes that observe different wavelengths of light (such as visible, infrared, and radio waves), sensors that detect particles like cosmic rays and neutrinos, and gravitational wave detectors. They analyze the data collected from these observations to identify objects like stars, planets, galaxies, black holes, and more.
Cherenkov radiation is used to detect neutrinos in high-energy physics experiments by observing the faint blue light emitted when neutrinos interact with water or ice. This light is produced when neutrinos travel faster than the speed of light in the medium, creating a cone of light that can be detected by specialized instruments.
In fact, they were. The most recent and significant experiments to detect neutrinos include the T2K and SNO (soon to be SNO+) experiments.
Neutrinos are incredibly hard to detect so the "absence" of neutrinos doesn't mean they are not there. It was long thought that neutrinos did not decay. We now know they do so. Thus, the lower than expected number of neutrinos detected coming from the Sun has been fully explained. It took four decades but the problem is now fully resolved.
Yes but not at much high level
Astronomers use evidence such as the behavior of nearby stars and gas, as well as the bending of light around invisible objects, to detect the presence of black holes in space.
infrared
Helium. The number two element. Fusion also generates a few neutrinos that are hard to detect.
Astronomers can use their eyes to study the stars. They can also use various telescopes that either refract, reflect, and detect exotic formations.
0 - neutrinos are neutral, as the name suggests (it is latin for "little neutral one")
Possible neutrino change. The electron neutrino is formed by one energy quantum. This particle is characterised by mass wave which is unclosed. Muon neutrino and tauon neutrino are only one particle. This particle is formed by unsymmetrical couple of energy quanta. This particle is characterised by two mass waves (unsymmetrical and unclosed) with length proportion 1:2. Such structure consequence is periodical energy change of particle with energies proportion 3:1 in dependence on time. Both time periods are identical and relatively long. This results of considerations on the theme the Theory of Everything.