How do particles in astrophysics communicate?

Answer 1

Particles do not 'communicate' in the everyday sense of the word.

They do, however, interact in various ways. Some of those interactions are poorly understood.

Answer 2

Particles in astrophysics communicate through the fundamental forces of nature such as gravity, electromagnetism, weak nuclear force, and strong nuclear force. These forces govern the interactions and behaviors of particles on cosmic scales, allowing them to transfer energy, momentum, and information throughout the universe. Gravity, for example, plays a key role in orchestrating the movements of celestial bodies, while electromagnetism facilitates the transmission of light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation.