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A thermocouple produces a tiny voltage proportional to the temperature difference between two junctions where dissimilar metals meet.

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Thermocouples use rare-earth metals (chromium, aluminum, nickel, etc), usually in pairs. As these metals heat up, they react with one another and one metal sheds off an electron, which is then seen as electricity. Thermocouples usually produce a very small amount of electricity, often only enough to operate electric 'gates'.

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