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On smaller residential air conditioners the manufacturer publishes a charging chart that has the outside air temperature and the corresponding suction and liquid pressure measured by a refrigeration manifold set, gauges.

If the chart is not available, you can estimate by measuring the suction pressure and then using a pressure temperature chart for your refrigerant and trying to maintain a 35 degree to 40 degree temperature at the condensing unit or compressor.

The other measurement on larger units is the subcooling measurement, measure the actual liquid line temperature and compare the liquid pressure using a pressure temperature chart and also checking for bubbles in the liquid line sight glass.

On larger systems after the subcooling has been checked then the superheat has to be checked and the thermostatic expansion valve adjusted if necessary. To check the superheat, measure the suction pressure, convert to a temperature and then measure the actual suction line temperature. The difference is the superheat, should be 6 to 20 degrees depending on the system.

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