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The force of gravity is directly proportional to the mass of the two objects involved
The larger the mass, the stronger its gravity.

You can calculate how fast an object will accelerate towards the centre of gravity of the mass by using the formula:

a = GM / r2

Where G is the gravitational constant (about 6.67E-11), M is the mass in kilograms and r is the radius of the body in metres.

e.g.

The mass of the earth is 5.9742E+24 kilograms and its radius is about 6378.1 kilometres.

Plug it into the equation and:

a = (6.67E-11 * 5.9742E+24) / 6,378,1002

Which will give you 9.795 m/s2, pretty close to the accepted 9.801 m/s2.

You can of course increase the accuracy of G to get a more accurate answer.

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