How is force applied in long jump to create power and distance?

Answer 1

Force is the rate of change of momentum, thus is directly proportional to the rate of change of velocity (acceleration). When the person jumps (hopefully at terminal velocity) the horizontal velocity of the jumper will not change whilst in the air.

Independently, at the last moment, a jumper will jump such that the angle of departure is close to 45 degrees (some calculus can prove that this is the best angle to jump from to maximize horizontal distance or clearance)

Power doesnt really come into this too much, although Energy = Force * Distance

so Energy = Force * Velocity * Time (as s=d/t)

so Energy/Time = Force * Velocity = Power (as P=E/t)

Thats the only relation involving force and velocity in this context.

Answer 2

In the long jump, force is applied through a combination of speed, strength, and technique. Athletes generate power by sprinting down the runway, which allows them to build up momentum. They then transfer this momentum into vertical force by pushing off the ground with explosive leg strength during takeoff. The angle and timing of the jump, as well as the body positioning in the air, also contribute to the distance achieved.