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What is meant by supercritical andhow dose it relate to making a nuclear bomb?
subcritical - a mass or arrangement of fissionable or fissile material unable to sustain a neutron chain reaction. It can provide a fixed amount of neutron multiplication from a neutron source, but after removal of the neutron source the chain reaction rate drops exponentially.critical - a mass or arrangement of fissionable or fissile material capable of sustaining a constant neutron chain reaction. No increase or decrease. (Nuclear reactors operate at critical)supercritical - a mass or arrangement of fissionable or fissile material capable of not only sustaining a neutron chain reaction, but once initiated the chain reaction rate rises exponentially. (Nuclear fission bombs explode when made supercritical)A nuclear fission bomb must have 2 of these states: subcritical (so that it can't explode until desired) and supercritical (so that it explodes with an effective yield). This requires a rapid "assembly" system using conventional explosives to rearrange the fissile material from subcritical to supercritical in about 1ms. A neutron source starts the chain reaction and the explosion completes in about 1 microsecond.
What is the energy yield of respiration?
The energy yield of respiration is approximately 36-38 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose. This process occurs in the form of aerobic respiration, where glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP, the main source of energy for cells.
What yield a smaller effective focal spot to?
Using a smaller anode angle or a smaller target angle can help yield a smaller effective focal spot. Additionally, increasing the source-to-image distance (SID) can also contribute to a smaller effective focal spot.
Is a neutron bomb the most dangerous nuclear weapon?
A neutron bomb is designed to release a large amount of neutron radiation, which can kill living organisms while causing minimal damage to structures. While it is considered highly lethal to humans, there are other nuclear weapons, such as hydrogen bombs, that have far greater destructive power in terms of blast radius and heat.
What are the potential risks and consequences associated with the use of low yield nukes?
The use of low yield nuclear weapons can lead to significant risks and consequences. These include the potential for escalation to larger nuclear conflicts, increased civilian casualties, long-term environmental damage, and the spread of radioactive fallout. Additionally, the use of low yield nukes may undermine global non-proliferation efforts and increase the likelihood of nuclear proliferation by other countries.
How do you calculate yield of Am-Be source of 1 Ci?
To calculate the yield of an Am-Be source (alpha source), you need to consider the decay rate of the source and the energy of emitted particles. By measuring the activity rate of the source, you can determine the fraction of emitted particles that interact with the target material. This yield calculation is essential for radiation protection and dose estimation.
How can nuclear fission be forced to happen?
by a neutron source. nuclear reactors are always started with one to avoid a supercritical power surge from damaging the reactor. nuclear bombs are always triggered by one to make sure the reaction happens at optimal supercriticality for desired yield.
How do plants maximize yield?
Plants maximize their yield by improving harvest index
A test specimen is stressed beyond the yield point and is then unloaded its yield point will be?
increased...because the specimen is strain hardened due to plastic deformation.
A nuclear fission chain reaction of U-235 starts with a slow neutron. What produces this first neutron?
Uranium is naturally radioactive; it's unstable. Somewhere in a sample of uranium, spontaneous fission occurs. All the time. Neutrons are released in this reaction. It cannot be stopped. If critical mass is assembled, a couple of neutrons will appear from a spontaneous fission somewhere within the sample, and a chain will immediately begin to build. There is no way to stop it except by separating the mass into subcritical quantities. But the reaction will do that. It happens in the twinkling of an eye. Always. Note that a so-called fast neutron, a neutron with a lot of kinetic energy, can cause fission. But it has a lot lower probability of doing that than a thermal neutron. Slowing down or "thermalizing" of neutrons increases the chance that they will be captured, and neutron capture will build a chain reaction. This was included because the question stated that a chain starts with a slow neutron, and this might not be the case. It is the slow neutrons that drive the fission chain in nuclear reactors. They have moderators to slow the neutrons down. But the fast neutrons are the chain builders in nuclear weapons. In a nuclear weapon, we don't put moderator material in the thing. We might incorporate some neutron mirrors or lenses in the geometry of the device, but we rely on the a lot of fast neutrons to carry out the mission of burning the fissile material very rapidly to get a big yield. The proof is in the pudding.
What is bps in economics?
BPS = basis point. Definition: A unit for measuring a bonds yield that is equal to 1/100 of 1% of yield. Also known as "bips". Same as 1/10,000 of yield (1% divided by 100). For example, if a bond goes from 5.0% yield to 5.5% yield it is said to have increased 50 bps / 50 basis points
How were some of the hunger needs of India solved?
increased per acre yield due to better farming,improved plant genetics and crop management,and increased meat supply.
How can the yield of reaction be increased?
The yield of a reaction can be increased by optimizing reaction conditions such as temperature and pressure, which can favor the formation of products. Additionally, using a higher concentration of reactants or catalysts can accelerate the reaction rate and shift the equilibrium position towards products. Furthermore, removing products as they form or using continuous flow techniques can help drive the reaction to completion, thereby enhancing the overall yield.
Is a neutron bomb more deadlier than a nuclear bomb?
A neutron bomb is a nuclear bomb.Specifically a neutron bomb is a modified fusion (hydrogen) bomb.In a standard fusion bomb the fusion tamper is Uranium-238. This absorbs the high energy fusion neutrons and fissions, producing roughly 90% of the yield of the fusion bomb and most of the fallout.If instead we change the fusion tamper to a different dense metal with a much much smaller cross-section for absorbing neutrons, then most of them escape. This is a "neutron" bomb. If everything else is the same, it has only about 10% of the yield and a tiny fraction of the fallout of the standard fusion bomb (making it a "clean" bomb).Sometimes the neutron bomb is considered an anti-tank weapon, as the neutrons can pass through the tank and irradiate the crew while the lower yield and fallout produce less blast damage and radiological contamination.However the high neutron flux induces secondary radioactivity in most exposed materials. This is also a form of radiological contamination, but cannot be washed off like fallout.
Are traditional banks the best place to find high yield CD rates?
Often your local bank will not be the best source for a high yield CD because they have a lot invested in their brick and mortar facility. Plus, they make more money by lending funds at high rates. So to get the highest rate, check out Bankrate.com or better yet, ask your stock broker or a firm like Edward Jones investors since they can get you the best rate from around the country.
What is the impact of varying reaction conditions on the fractional yield of the desired product?
The impact of changing reaction conditions on the amount of desired product produced can vary. Factors such as temperature, pressure, and reactant concentrations can affect the yield of the product. By optimizing these conditions, the fractional yield of the desired product can be increased.
How do you get nuclear weapons atomic bombs from nuclear fission?
fission is the nuclear reaction that makes both bombs and reactors possible.if a mass of fissile material is subcritical, its neutron multiplication factor is less than 1 and any chain reaction started in it will die out with only a small release of heat and radiation.if a mass of fissile material is exactly critical, its neutron multiplication factor is exactly 1 and a chain reaction started in it will be sustained at a constant rate. this can be used as a nuclear reactor.if a mass of fissile material is supercritical, its neutron multiplication factor is greater than 1 and a chain reaction started in it will accelerate out of control until it either melts (a fizzle) or explodes (a detonation). this can be used as a bomb.to make a nuclear bomb you also need 2 other things:a rapid assembly system using chemical explosives to convert a subcritical mass to a supercritical mass fast enough to prevent a fizzle caused by either stray neutrons or spontaneous fission.a neutron source to fire neutrons into the resulting supercritical mass at the optimal time to get an explosion of the desired yield. advancing or retarding the firing of the neutron source will reduce yield from the maximum possible with a given design.
