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As far as I know there are only a few phenomenon that cause vibration. Heat, sound, and mechanical vibration. Most materials experience all three, such as a guitar or piano string. The frequency of mechanical vibration is equal to the note, 262 Hz for middle C for instance. Sound would be at the sound's frequency. !0,000 times for second on a 10 kHz sound. Heat changes the amount the particle moves in amplitude and frequency with 10 raised to the power of 13 being the frequency.

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When are molecules of a substance in motion?

Molecules of a substance are in constant motion. Whether you have a solid, liquid, or gas, the particles are moving (but the speed and amount they move differs). Particles of a solid move the least (they basically vibrate), particles of a liquid can flow around one another, and particles of a gas have a lot of space between them because they move in random, constant motions.


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How many times do waves vibrate in 2 seconds?

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What does grinding solid reactants into powder - do to the reactant particles?

The powdered form of a solid reactant has an aggregate surface area that is many times greater than the solid blockfrom which it came. This makes any reaction proceed faster and more efficiently, usually resulting in enhanced yield as well.


What does hertz mean on a vibrating machine say 18hz compared to 30 hz?

The hertz (Hz) value on a vibrating machine indicates the frequency at which the machine vibrates. A machine vibrating at 18 Hz will vibrate 18 times per second, while a machine vibrating at 30 Hz will vibrate 30 times per second. Generally, higher hertz values indicate a faster and more intense vibration.


What are the differences between solid liquids and gas?

There are a couple of notable differences between the three common states of matter, solid, liquid and gas. The first is the distances between the atoms or molecules which will be called "particles" here for simplicity. The particles are typically far apart in a gas, many times further apart than the typical size of a particle. In a liquid and solid, particles are close with separations that are an angstrom, smaller distances than the size of a typical particle. One would call these condensed phases crowded. The second observation one can makes is that the forces between particles dominated the structure and behavior of the solid and liquid phases, but has little or no influence on the gas phase. This is because the forces between particles are typically only a few angstroms or a few tens of angstroms and so the gas particles are just too far apart to experience the forces very often as the move around. The third observation is the gas particles move around quite freely compared to the others. All particles in all materials have a speed that is determined by temperature. (That is part of the thermal energy in any material.) In a gas, the distances between the particles may be many times the size of the particle and so as the particles go bouncing around, they interact significantly with one another relatively infrequently. In a liquid or solid, they distance between two neighboring particles is usually about the same as the size of the particles. They are never outside the range of force of neighboring particles. In the solid and liquid phase there are quite a few neighboring particles. In the liquid and solid phases particles remain close together, but in the liquid phase the particles don't remain long near any one set of neighbors and the path that a particle in the liquid phase takes is quite random, controlled by collisions with its neighbor and constantly changing direction. In the solid phase, particles rarely move away from the neighbors. Forces between particles restrict them greatly in a solid which is why a solid will retain its shape when a stress is applied and a liquid will not. Traditionally, matter is classified as being in a solid, liquid or gas state. We also say that matter exists in three "phases," the solid, liquid and gas phases. (There are other, more exotic phases, such as the plasma phase and liquid crystalline phases and there is also the glass state of matter, but those are either either exotic or more technical refinements of the others.) The last observation that may be important here is to observe that the three phases occur in a standard order typically, solid being te lowest temperature phase, liquids at a higher temperature and gasses at the highest. If the phase is induced by pressure, gas is the lowest pressure and solid are created at the highest. There is a great deal more than can be said, especially about exceptions to the rules and exotic forms of matter as well as discussing why the forces between particles determine when they enter which phase.


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