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Hydrogen has 1 valence electron. Bromine has 7 valence electrons. When hydrogen and bromine react, the bromine atom 'steals' the hydrogen atom's only electron. The hydrogen atom then has no electrons and the bromine atom has 8 valence electrons.
The two atoms are now ions because their number of protons does not equal their number of electrons. The bromine atom is now a bromide anion and the hydrogen atom is now a hydrogen cation (a proton). The two ions remain together, ionicly bonded and together are called hydrogen bromide.
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