The first plutonium fission bomb used 6.2 kilograms of plutonium.
The first stage of a hydrogen bomb is a fission bomb. By using better explosives to compress the plutonium and tritium gas boosting it is probably possible to use 2 kilograms to 3 kilograms of plutonium here.
Each fusion stage uses a plutonium "sparkplug" rod that runs the length of that stage to initiate fusion. The exact dimensions (and thus the weight) of plutonium used here is classified Top Secret Restricted Data. It is possible that these "sparkplugs" may even be hollow tubes (to allow neutrons a free path the entire length), which might eliminate more than 90% of the weight of a solid rod while improving its performance.
As a "ballpark guess" without reliable data to base it on, each stage of a modern hydrogen bomb (both the fission first stage and all fusion stages) probably uses less than 3 kilograms of plutonium.
A standard two stage hydrogen bomb would then use less than 6 kilograms of plutonium and a three stage hydrogen bomb (the largest size ever built) would then use less than 9 kilograms of plutonium.
It had been in reasearch since the 1930's and the arms race began well before the 1950's. Neither the US or Russia wanted the other to have the weapon first so both were working on it.The Soviet 1953 "hydrogen bomb" was not a staged hydrogen bomb like the US 1952 & 1954 hydrogen bombs. It was just a Lithium Deuteride boosted fission bomb. Its only advantage was it was a deliverable megaton range yield boosted fission bomb one year before the US got deliverable multimegaton range yield teller-ulam staged fusion bombs.The Soviets only declared it a "type of hydrogen bomb" because some of the yield was from fusion, most was still from Plutonium fission. The design was sometimes referred to as the Layer Cake as it used a more or less conventional Plutonium implosion mechanism, but the Plutonium core was alternately layered with concentric shells of Lithium Deuteride instead of being just Plutonium.The US had considered such a design in ~ 1950, but never pursued it as it was considered a dead end. Computing resources were better spent on better designs.
Steak
No, Einstein was a total pacifist and did not work on either atomic or hydrogen bombs (or any other military or war related projects). The ONLY significant scientific thing he worked on from the late 1930s until his death in 1955 was the equations of his Unified Field Theory, a task in which he never succeeded.
Available plutonium and uranium are reserved for nuclear weapons is not a factor in why nuclear energy has failed to live up to the hopes that it would solve the nations' energy needed. Many people worry about the safety of nuclear reactors.
There are many types of nuclear radiation that have nothing to do with bombs, reactors, etc. In fact most radioactive material on earth was formed in supernovas billions of years before our solar system even formed. The materials used to make the active components of nuclear explosives are radioactive, however the designers of such explosives state that this radioactivity actually makes it harder to build reliable explosives. This radioactivity causes predetonation fizzles in fission bomb designs and aging/wear-out problems in all bomb designs. Another problem with radioactivity in nuclear weapons is the exposure hazard to personnel. For example the US Navy uses what is called Super Grade Plutonium, that has much less Plutonium-240 which is a strong gamma emitter than standard weapons Plutonium, in all their weapons that is very expensive to make. The principles used in nuclear explosives are nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
Hydrogen ions tend to build up in the stomach. This buildup of hydrogen ions contributes to the acidic environment needed for digestion.
Water. H2O is where the hydrogen comes from to build the C6H12O6 molecule.
liquid crystal can be made from plutonium
A molecule of glucose has 6 atoms of carbon, 12 atoms of hydrogen, and 6 atoms of oxygen. Therefore, to build four molecules of glucose, you would need 48 atoms of hydrogen (12 atoms of hydrogen per molecule of glucose multiplied by 4 molecules).
i know this is not the right answer but in my line of work it is a standard, Over kill- build it twice as strong as needed.
Standard building blocks of limestone, with each standard stone varying depending on the importance, age, and wealth of each pharoah
Fermi did not invent the fission bomb, Leo Szilard did in 1933. But nobody could build one because no material that would support a neutron chain reaction was known until 1938 when Otto Hahn discovered that the rare isotope Uranium-235 would. Even then it took the US from 1942 to 1945 to build the industrial infrastructure needed to purify enough of this isotope to actually build one Uranium bomb and fuel 3 reactors that could each make enough Plutonium in a month to make a Plutonium bomb.
The waste from nuclear reactors can in principle be reprocessed to extract plutonium, which can be used to fuel nuclear reactors. But this is not "renewable" it is just recycling fuel the reactor made, this process can at best multiply the amount available reactor fuel by roughly 100 times, then we run out. Only France reprocesses their nuclear waste, other countries have abandoned it largely from the unjustified fear that reprocessed plutonium reactor fuel might be "stolen" to build atomic bombs (normal power reactor generated plutonium has very high levels of the undesired plutonium-240 and plutonium-241 which make it impossible to build working atomic bombs with that plutonium).
you dont
newdiv
Nuclear energy results from fission of uranium or plutonium. No outside energy is needed. An assembly of uranium or plutonium with a moderator which slows down the fast neutrons produced in fission, will start to produce power when it is made critical. There are always occurring some spontaneous fissions in the fuel material, and all that is needed is to build a critical assembly, that is one where a chain reaction is set up, and the power level will build up until it reaches the desired level, whereupon it is stabilised by introducing some neutron absorption, and it will continue at power until the fuel starts to get depleted in fissile material, after which new fuel has to be loaded.
1952