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I'm not sure what you are asking exactly but i will explain exponents and their inverse
you know an exponent is like 23 and that equals 8
well if it was a negative 2 instead of a positive it would be -23 = -8 because it is
-2*-2*-2 or 4*-2 = -8
Now if the power is negative this means you are using its inverse
when an power is negative it means that you switch it to a fraction
and example would be
2-3 = 1/23 which equals 1/8
when you multiple exponents together you add their exponents together as long as their bases are the same
ex 23 * 24 = 27 = 128
when you divide exponents they have to have the same base as well and you subtract the exponents
ex 23 / 24 = 2-1 = 1/2
I hope this helps
Another Answer
Power factor occurs in alternating-current loads, and is defined as the ratio of true power to apparent power, and corresponds to the cosine of the angle by which the load current lags or leads the supply voltage.
The direction in which power is 'flowing' (power doesn't really 'flow', energy flows, but it's common to describe the direction in which power is acting as 'flowing'!) is considered to be positive when that direction is from the supply to the load. But, sometimes, it 'flows' the other way -e.g. when a motor runs faster than it should, and it acts as a generator- in which case the reversal of power direction is considered to be negative. In this context, 'positive' and 'negative' represent directions, and has nothing to do with electrical charge.
So, if power factor is the ratio of true power to apparent power, and the power is negative (i.e. 'flowing' from the load to the supply), then the ratio of power to reactive power becomes negative giving the impression that we have a negative power factor.
But, in fact, there is no such thing as a negative power factor so, what appears to be a negative power factor, is simply a ratio in which the direction of power is reversed -i.e. the power is negative, not the power factor!
Yet Another Answer
NO. Power factor is *not* some weird "load to generator/generator to load" effect.
The first paragraph above is correct, the following three in fact contradict it, and are wrong anyway.
A power factor of less than 1.0 results either from a partly inductive load or a partly capacitive load in an alternating current circuit, most usually with mains power at 50 or 60 Hz, though the effect can happen in any AC circuit.
The problem is that, in a reactive component (capacitor or inductor), there is (in theory) a 90�º phase shift between applied voltage and the current flow in the component.
Most motors appear as a mix of inductance and resistance. The ballast chokes in fluorescent lights also make them appear inductive. Most motors and fluorescent lights give leading power factors. The exception is *synchronous* motors which can be driven to make the appear either capacitive or inductive.
If the load is capacitive, you will have a lagging power factor, if inductive, it will be leading.
You could say that a lagging capacitive load has a "negative" power factor while a leading inductive load has a "positive" power factor.
An ideal circuit has a power factor of 1.0, that is, the phase angle between voltage and current is zero. This is because PF = cosine of the phase angle, so a zero phase angle gives a PF = 1.0.
Now it gets confusing. For angles from zero to +90, and from zero to -90, cosines are *always* positive.
So although the actual cosine value of a lagging (capacitive) circuit will be always be postive - somewhere between +1.0 (no capacitance) and 0 (fully capactive) - you might refer to the lagging PF as "negative".
To reduce confusion, it's better to talk about lagging and leading, as these are the common industry terms and this prevents the absurdity of a negative cosine value (which can only happen for angles GREATER than 90 degrees, i.e. from +90 to 180, and from -90 to -180).
Comment
Unfortunately, the third answer to this query is quite wrong. Applying the terms, 'positive' and 'negative' to 'lagging' and 'leading' power factors is an obsolescent (since the 1920s) use of these terms, and they are not used in this sense these days. As explained in the earlier answer, which is absolutely correct, there is no such thing as a 'negative power factor', but it is simply a consequence of negative power flow. An excellent IEEE paper on this topic can be found by entering 'negative power factor and power standards' in your search engine.
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