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H. Becquerel discovered that uranium was radioactive, i.e. was emitting energy which was unknown at the time.

Marie Curie and Pierre Curie did further work on radioactivity and discovered new elements, radium and polonium which were also radioactive.

Ernest Rutherford and his collaborator Soddy explored radioactivity systematically and discovered several new radioactive elements. More importantly they systematically developed procedures and concepts for defining radioactivity, such as radioactive half-life, activity versus time plots to better understand the energy emitted by radioactive elements: alpha particles (positive charge, mass of helium), beta particles (negatively charged particles or high energy electrons) and finally high energy electromagnetic radiation or gamma rays as they called it.

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How was the hadron discovered?

Hadrons were discovered through high-energy particle collisions in accelerators. By studying the particles produced in these collisions, scientists were able to identify new particles with properties consistent with the characteristics of hadrons. This led to the classification of hadrons as a group of particles that interact via the strong nuclear force.


Who was the first to identify alpha beta and gamma radiation?

Ernest Rutherford was the first to identify alpha and beta radiation, while Paul Villard discovered gamma radiation. This research took place in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as part of the study of radioactivity.


What information can be obtained from the Am-241 gamma spectrum?

The Am-241 gamma spectrum can provide information about the energy levels and intensity of gamma radiation emitted by Americium-241, which can help identify the presence and concentration of this radioactive isotope in a sample.


Why do scientist do multiple measurements?

Scientists perform multiple measurements to increase the reliability and accuracy of their results. By repeating measurements, they can identify any errors or outliers and get a better understanding of the variability in their data. This helps to ensure that their findings are more robust and trustworthy.


How do you move a discussion forward?

To move a discussion forward, actively listen to others, acknowledge their contributions, ask open-ended questions to encourage dialogue, and try to find common ground or identify areas of agreement. Keep the conversation focused on the main topic and work towards finding solutions or reaching a consensus.

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