Light with higher frequencies than 5 x 10^14 Hz can also remove electrons from the nickel plate. This is because light with higher frequencies carries more energy per photon, which can provide the necessary energy to eject electrons from the plate.
The expected frequency can be calculated using the product rule in probability. If we assume that the ability to roll the tongue and having attached earlobes are independent, then we can multiply the frequencies of each trait in the population to get the expected frequency of individuals with both traits.
The expected frequency would be determined by calculating the probability of someone having both traits based on their individual frequencies in the population. This would involve multiplying the frequency of tongue rolling ability by the frequency of attached earlobes in the population. For example, if 70% of the population can tongue roll and 60% have attached earlobes, the expected frequency would be 0.70 x 0.60 = 0.42, or 42%.
The existence of a threshold frequency below which no electrons were emitted. The direct proportionality between the frequency of incident light and the kinetic energy of emitted electrons. The instantaneous emission of electrons once the threshold frequency was surpassed, rather than a delayed response as would be expected in a classical wave model.
The interference factor can be calculated by dividing the observed frequency of double crossovers by the expected frequency of double crossovers. This value represents how much the actual frequency deviates from the expected frequency due to interference.
Theoretically expected oscillating frequency depends on the system being considered and its parameters. In general, it can be calculated using the equation f = 1 / (2π√(LC)), where f is the frequency, L is the inductance, and C is the capacitance of the system.
The maximum likelihood estimate under the null hypothesis gives the best estimate for expected frequencies.
The expected frequency can be calculated using the product rule in probability. If we assume that the ability to roll the tongue and having attached earlobes are independent, then we can multiply the frequencies of each trait in the population to get the expected frequency of individuals with both traits.
For goodness of fit test using Chisquare test, Expected frequency = Total number of observations * theoretical probability specified or Expected frequency = Total number of observations / Number of categories if theoretical frequencies are not given. For contingency tables (test for independence) Expected frequency = (Row total * Column total) / Grand total for each cell
Expected frequencies are used in a chi-squared "goodness-of-fit" test. there is a hypothesis that is being tested and, under that hypothesis, the random variable would have a certain distribution. The expected frequency for a "cell" is the number of observations that you would expect to find in that cell if the hypothesis were true.
The expected frequency would be determined by calculating the probability of someone having both traits based on their individual frequencies in the population. This would involve multiplying the frequency of tongue rolling ability by the frequency of attached earlobes in the population. For example, if 70% of the population can tongue roll and 60% have attached earlobes, the expected frequency would be 0.70 x 0.60 = 0.42, or 42%.
For a chi-square test there is a null hypothesis which describes some distribution for the variable that is being tested. The expected frequency for a particular cell is the number of observations that would be expected in that cell if the null hypothesis were true.
When the frequency is less than expected.
The existence of a threshold frequency below which no electrons were emitted. The direct proportionality between the frequency of incident light and the kinetic energy of emitted electrons. The instantaneous emission of electrons once the threshold frequency was surpassed, rather than a delayed response as would be expected in a classical wave model.
The formula to calculate heterozygosity in a population is H = 2pq(1-F) where p and q are allele frequencies and F is the inbreeding coefficient. Given allele frequencies of 0.6 and 0.4, and an inbreeding coefficient of 0.40, the heterozygosity would be H = 2 * 0.6 * 0.4 * (1-0.40) = 0.288.
This is concerned with frequency. Can be used to test whether the observed frequencies in a particular case differ significantly from those which would be expected in the null hypothesis. source: analysis related lectures
You first decide on a null hypothesis. Expected frequencies are calculated on the basis of the null hypothesis, that is, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.
The interference factor can be calculated by dividing the observed frequency of double crossovers by the expected frequency of double crossovers. This value represents how much the actual frequency deviates from the expected frequency due to interference.