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The main components of a laser are the gain medium, the pump source, and the optical resonator.

  1. Gain medium: It is a material that amplifies light through stimulated emission. Examples include crystals, gases, and semiconductors.

  2. Pump source: It provides energy to the gain medium to stimulate the emission of photons. This can be a flash lamp, diode laser, or another laser.

  3. Optical resonator: It consists of mirrors that reflect and amplify light within the gain medium. One mirror is fully reflective, while the other allows some light to pass through, creating the laser beam.

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