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An atomic pile, or more correctly a nuclear pile, uses Uranium235 as the fuel. This isotope of uranium has the property that the nucleus can be split (fissioned) when a slow neutron enters it, and in the fission process more neutrons are emitted together with heat energy, and the formation of fission products which are other elements. Therefore a self perpetuating chain reaction can be started. The neutrons emitted by the fissions are fast and have to be slowed down by the moderator which can be graphite, heavy water, or light water. The rate of fissions is adjusted with control rods which absorb neutrons, or by other neutron absorbing means, so that a steady power level is achieved.

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Who built the first nuclear reactor the 'Atomic pile'?

This was built as part of the Manhattan Project in WW2, to demonstrate the principle of the chain reaction. The results were used to design the Hanford piles to produce plutonium. The chief scientist for the Chicago pile was Enrico Fermi, first criticality in 1942


What is the working principle of an Atomic Clock?

Atomic clocks work by measuring the vibrations of atoms. Specifically, they use the oscillations of atoms in a hyperfine transition of cesium-133. By counting these vibrations, the clock can keep extremely accurate time, with deviations of only a few billionths of a second per day.


Is the Ritz's combination principle to be a statement of energy conservation?

The Ritz combination principle states that the energy of two or more atomic orbitals can combine to form new hybrid atomic orbitals. It is not a statement of energy conservation but rather a tool used in molecular orbital theory to describe the structure of molecules.


Other words for nuclear?

People used to talk about atomic power and atomic bombs, but this is not correct, nuclear is the correct word to use. Why do you want another word? Nuclear means to do with the nucleus. 'Kernel' is another word which means the center of a body but in English we use it for nuts. In German nucleus is 'kern', and they have 'kernkraftwerke' for nuclear engineering, but why use a German word?


A maser is a principle of?

A maser is a device that amplifies and emits electromagnetic radiation in the microwave region of the spectrum. It works on the principle of stimulated emission of radiation, similar to a laser but operating at longer wavelengths. Masers are used in scientific research, communication systems, and atomic clocks.