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Difference between uniaxial and biaxial crystals?
Uniaxial crystals have one optic axis, where the refractive index is the same in all directions perpendicular to it. Biaxial crystals have two optic axes, with different refractive indices along each direction. This causes different light paths and behaviors in biaxial crystals compared to uniaxial ones.
What is refractive indices of uniaxial crystals?
Uniaxial crystals have two different refractive indices: ordinary index (no) and extraordinary index (ne). The ordinary index is the same in all directions, while the extraordinary index varies depending on the direction relative to the optic axis of the crystal. This anisotropic behavior is a characteristic feature of uniaxial crystals.
What is bloch wall energy?
180o domain wall between two domains is known as Bloch wall. The Bloch wall energy is competition between exchange energy and anisotropy energy within the interface of two domains. The exchange energy in a ferromagnetic material is a minimum only when adjacent spins are parallel. While anisotropy energy will be minimum when the spins remain parallel to the easy axis. Bloch wall energy will be minimum of exchange energy and anisotropy energy Mathematically, the Bloch wall energy for an uniaxial anisotropic material will be (sigma)exch+(sigma)anis=(JS2 pi2)/Na2+KuNa where J is exchange stiffness, N is number of atoms within the wall, a is distance between two adjacent atoms, Ku is the uniaxial anisotropy constant the minimum of this energy terms will be (sigma)dw~2pi(AKu)1/2 where A is the exchange stiffness constant. it is the energy of the Bloch wall in uniaxial ferromagnetic material. (read more in Cullity's Book)
Known value of Young's Modulus for steel in newton metres?
Firstly, Young's Modulus is a measure of the degree of stiffness of an isotropic material. It is the ratio of uniaxial stress to strain while the material behaves according to Hooke's Law. Therefore it is measured in Pascals or Newtons per Metre Squared, Imperial units are psi. Secondly, the Young's modulus of steel varies slightly depending on the grade of steel being used from 190 GPa to 210 GPa, for basic calculations a value of 200 GPa can be assumed.
What is the function of bertrand lens?
Bertrand lens An accessory lens which may be inserted into the light path above the analyser in a transmitted-light microscope. When determining vibration directions or interference figures using parallel or convergent polarized light, the Bertrand lens is inserted to bring the image of the interference figures into focus. Alternatively, if the Bertrand lens is absent, the eyepiece may be removed and the vibration directions or interference figures observed by looking down the microscope tube. The lens was first used in 1878 by E. Bertrand who adapted an original (1844) design by G. B. Amici. In petrological Refractive Microscopes its applicability is more to determine the Mineral type by identifying the interference figures. it shows whether the mineral is Uniaxial or Biaxial and also +ve or _ve.
Number of planes in uniaxial joint?
Number of planes in the uniaxial joints?
How do you work out young's modulus?
It is defined as the ratio of the uniaxial stress over the uniaxial strain in the range of stress in which Hooke's Law holds
Difference between uniaxial and biaxial crystals?
Uniaxial crystals have one optic axis, where the refractive index is the same in all directions perpendicular to it. Biaxial crystals have two optic axes, with different refractive indices along each direction. This causes different light paths and behaviors in biaxial crystals compared to uniaxial ones.
What are the field applications of uniaxial compressive strength?
Columns.
What are the optical character?
There are two types uniaxial or biaxial.
What synovial joint describe uniaxial joint?
hinge and pivot
How many number of planes can a uniaxial joint move?
1
What is refractive indices of uniaxial crystals?
Uniaxial crystals have two different refractive indices: ordinary index (no) and extraordinary index (ne). The ordinary index is the same in all directions, while the extraordinary index varies depending on the direction relative to the optic axis of the crystal. This anisotropic behavior is a characteristic feature of uniaxial crystals.
What do all uniaxial joints have in common?
They have one plane of movement. ex: elbow
What is uniaxial strain?
a state of strain in which two of the three principal strains are zero
What are two uniaxial joints?
humeral-ulnar joint (elbow), tibial-femoral joint (knee)
Is an elbow an uniaxial joint?
an elbow is a u·ni·ax·i·al joint that permits movement around one axis only.
