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First, energy sources are usually split into kinetic and potential.

Kinetic energy is the energy of something in motion: the earth in orbit about the sun has kinetic energy. The earth also has kinetic energy due to its rotation. The moon orbiting the earth has kinetic energy, but the moon does not rotate. A car zipping along the highway has kinetic energy as does a train moving on a track.

Potential energy is something which can become energy. A rock resting on top of a building can fall off the edge and gravity will pull it downward faster and faster. We say it had potential energy on top of the building's gravity well and this became kinetic energy as it fell. When the rock strikes ground, its kinetic energy will convert to thermal energy warming it and the earth beneath it. Other forms of potential energy include water held by a dam, a gas which has been compressed, and chemicals which can react, such as chemical batteries.

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