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Pulleys are used for two quite different operations.

The simplest are used to transfer power from one place to another in association with chains or belts. Examples would be a a simple saw bench where pulleys are on the motor spindle, and another on the saw shaft. Or the pulleys at the front of your car engine which drive the water pump. and maybe the fan as well.

In a another simple mode, they are used to change the direction of a force, such as are used for drawing water up from a well.

Compound pulleys are used to obtain some mechanical advantage, such as in hoisting a sail, where the rope passes through several sets of pulleys. This substitutes a smaller force over a longer distance, for a great force over a short distance.

In a simple pulley system, the ends of the rope (belt, chain) are attached to the load and to the driver.

In a compound pulley system, one (or both) of the pulleys are themselves fixed to the load or the ground, and the rope has only one free end, the other being attached to the second pulley.

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