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54 of our chemical elements are classed as metals. All metals share certain properties such as being ductile (capable of being deformed or stretched), malleable (easily bent or shaped) and a conductor of heat and electricity. The metals are divided into different groups depending on their other properties. An element's properties are a result of how many electrons are in its outer energy level and position on the Periodic Table is based on this. This means each group of elements that share similar properties occupies a specific area on the periodic table. The metal groups are alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals and other metals. The alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals, groups one and two respectively on the periodic table, have similar properties. Due to their high reactivity they are not found in their pure forms naturally. The elements that make up the alkali metals are lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium and francium. They all have only one electron in the outer energy level, meaning they behave similarly in the formation of compounds. Alkali metals react violently with water. For instance, if potassium is dropped in water it floats around while emitting a violet flame. Groups one metals are relatively soft, with low densities and melting points compared to other metals. The alkaline earth metals form group two of the periodic table, so each have two electrons in their outer shell. These are beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and radium. They have similar properties to the Alkali metals in group one. Group two metals, when compared to group one metals on the same period (row) of the periodic table, show some consistent differences. The group two metals are less reactive than those in group one. For instance calcium can react only with hot water, whereas potassium, its group one counterpart, reacts violently with any water. The group two metals have higher melting and boiling points and are harder, stronger and denser. The transition metals lie in the centre block of the periodic table, in groups 3 to 12. There are 38 transition metals, including elements such as iron, gold and zinc. Transition metals share some common characteristics. The majority are a silvery-blue colour at room temperature (copper and gold being the exceptions to this.) Many form coloured compounds, and many are good catalysts. They have high densities and melting points. The three magnetic elements iron, cobalt and nickel are all transition metals. The final group is the "other metals", or "poor metals" located in groups 13, 14 and 15. This includes aluminium, gallium, indium, tin, thallium, lead and bismuth. They are softer than transition metals, with lower melting and boiling points.

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