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Atoms - which is what most people think of as the basic piece of matter - are actually made up of even lesser sub-atomic particles.

At present these are grouped as Fermions and Bosons which are further differentiated into different subatomic particles:

  • quarks - fermions (6 "flavors": up, down, top, bottom, charmed, & strange)
  • leptons - fermions (6 types: electron, muon, tau, electron neutrino, muon neutrion, & tau neutrino)
  • gauge bosons - bosons (12 total with 4 general types: gluon - 8 "colors", photon, W boson - {2 types - & +} , Z boson) NOTE: a 13th gauge boson, the Graviton, has been speculated but not confirmed.
  • Higgs boson - bosons (only recently confirmed - at least we think it has been)
Atoms are made up of electrons (a type of lepton), protons (composed of 2 up quarks and 1 down quark) and neutrons (composed of 2 down quarks and 1 up quark).
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